Sociology Chapter 4

set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations

• Preindustrial- no machines
• hunting-gathering-gather food daily for their family
• Pastoral- herd animals
• horticulture- garden plots with fruits and veggies
• agricultural- grow large crops
• industrial- processed foods and factories
• Postindustrial- others provide them with food

specialization of performance of economic activities

exchange of goods or services

concentration of population in cities

classifying people according to shared traits or common status

defined position in a group

behavior expected of someone in a group

assigned according to qualities beyond a person's control

acquired through own efforts

corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses

determined behaviors expected of a person in a role

actual role behavior

different roles attached to a single role

difficulty fulfilling role expectations of a status

when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of a status

organizations that satisfies the basic needs of a society

people interact in an effort to recieve a reward

when 2 or mor people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal

when 2 or more people or groups word together to achieve a goal

state of balance between cooperation and conflict

everyone is able to interact face to face

structure goals and activities are clearly defined

no official structure or established set of rules

• primary-interact for a long period of time 
• secondary- temporay and impersonal
• reference-club or coworkers 
• in-group- group you hang out with
• out-group- people you dont associate with

people who interact on the internet

direct or indirect relationships

• instrumental-task-oriented
• expressive-emotional-oriented