Philosophy Kant Chapter 2

• Moral principle within those that makes moral
• Moral principle isn't derived from those examples

hypothetical and categorical

• desired outcome/goal (bring about end desire)
• If ___ then ___ = structure
• ie if I want to be a good piano player, then I must practice (only applies to piano players

• Duty in itself
• necessary no matter what for ALL and good within itself

• Formula of Universal Law
• Formula of Humanity

• necessary w/o personal input, obligatory
• 1. ourselves (don't kill yourself)
• 2. others (don't lie)

• necessary but can have personal input
• 3. ourselves (develop your talents)
• 4. others (help others)

can't help everyone but use personal impute to decide who to help

when you universalize lying, it becomes impossible and purpose you have in lying is contradicting and inconsistent (ie promise to return money)

when violate this formula, you take away their right to choose/take away their choice

Act in such a way that you treat humanity (being/rational) always that the same time as an end (subject, self ruled), never merely (just/only) as a means

act only on maxim by which you can at the same will that it should become a universal law

• 1. when I lie to a person, that person doesn't agree to how they're being treated b/c they don't know
• 2. that person doesn't share the end of action

the word promise is like the PIN

• Ideal Community 
• systematic union of rational beings guided by the moral law 
• members are both sovereign (make rules) and subject (follows rules)

if something can be willed in the kingdom of ends, it is MORAL b/c you had to follow the rules you make

• dignity - CAN'T be replaced
• price - it CAN be replaced

b/c we have autonomy

• something is moral if it is compatible with autonomy 
• something is immoral if it violates autonomy

• Heteronomy - ruled by anything OTHER than reason (ie feelings, what others say, etc)
• Autonomy - govered by REASON