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language
symbols system communicate experience and feelings
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denotative meaning
accepted definiton of a word
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connotative meaning
the emotional and attitudinal response to it
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cognitive language
- uniqueness
- use to describe people, things, and situations in your mind
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grammar
pronounce and placement
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communication acquisition
learning words and how to use them effectively
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informing
- questioning, describing, reinforcing, and withholding
- (we need milk...ok milk
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imagining
communicating a creative idea
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ritualizing
managing conversations and relationship
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abstraction ladder
ranks communication from specific, whcich ensure clarity, to general and vague
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evasion
avoiding specifics (maybe)
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equivocation
using unclear terms (interesting)
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euphemism
using substitutions for terms that might be upsetting (examples)
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slang
informal/ nonspecific/group
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jargon
is a groups technical language
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semantics
meaning of the words
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pragmatics
- the ability to use them appropriately
- (culture approach)
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labeling
bias/ individual diff gone
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biased language
subtle meanings that influence perception
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profanity
includes words or expressions that are considered insulting,rude,vulgar, or disespectful
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low language
including slang, is appropriate
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high language
formal language
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sapir-whorf hypothesis
suggests that our words influence our thinking
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linguistics determinism
the idea that language influence how we see the world
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linguistic relativity
different language= different worldviews
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code switching/style swithching
chage in language to adapt to another communication style
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interruption
men tend to interrupt more women...depending on the class
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intensifiers
women:words that heighten or intensify topics
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quialifiers / disclaimers
i suppose/ i could be wrong
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tag questions
- try to get partner to agree w/ you
- (backed into an opinion )
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resistance messages
the way the expresss resistance
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repeat
mirrors at the same tima ( three fingers/say three)
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complementing
nonverbal message that follows a verbal messahe (hug/ i miss you)
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accenting
clarify with emphasis
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substituting
replace words with non verbal cues (stop/hand)
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contradict
behavior that shows the opposite of the verbal message
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regulating interactions
cordinated verbal action. going back and forth in a communication to let the other answer
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immediacy
feeling of closeness, involment, and warmth between pople as communicated by nonverbal behavior
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deceiving
the attemp to convince others of something that is false
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kinesics
body gestures when sending a nonverbal message
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emblems
direct translation
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illustrators
reinforce (show what you mean)
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regulators
managing or interactions
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adaptors
physical for psychologial nees (open mouth, whn hungry)
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affect displays
show feelings, moods, and reactions
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masking
replace true feeling with appropiate face
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oculesics
study of the eyes in communication (blinking,winking, staring)
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paralangueage
vocalized sounds that accompany our words
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pitch
prominence to words or sounds
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vocalization
cues that give info about the speaker emotions laugh, cry, sigh, yawn etc.
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back-channel cue
fillers, used strategically
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artifacts
accesories used for decoaration and identification
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chronemics
study of how people perceive the use of time
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haptics
touch as a form of communication, depending on the relationship
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proxemics
- intimate 0-18
- persona 18-14
- social 4-12
- public 12+
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territoriality
claiming of an are
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environmet
iam what i surround myself with
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cantact cultures
contact trough touch
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public-private dimension
physical space that affect our nonverbal communication
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informal-formal dimension
psychological space
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hearing
physiogical proces of perceiving sound
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listening
process of recognizing, understanding, and interpreting the message
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selecting
chosing one sound over others
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attend
focusing on the message or sound
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understanding
making sense of the message
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remembering
recalling info
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active listening
involves making choices about selcting, attending, and so on
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passive listening
need info repeated
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fidelity
the thought of the listener and the thoughts and intentions of the message producer match following their communication
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people-oriented listeners
listen with relarionships in mind
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action-oriented
focus on task
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content-oriented listeners
carefully evaluated what they hear
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time oriented
prefer info that is direct and straight to the point
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critical
analyzing infor,evidence,ideas, opinions
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empathic
- its all about feelings
- paraphrasing helps
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appreciative
used when the goal is simply to appreciate the sounds, such as music
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multitasking
several things at one
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defensive listening
aggressive response
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selective listening
disregard bits and pieces cause you focus on other things
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monopolistic
listening to control the communication interaction
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insensitive
focus of their face....face value
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pseudolistening
pretending to listen while not really paying attention
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