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- author "me"
- tags ""
- description "Grammar endings in final position"
- fileName "Topik 3 문법 종결어미"
- freezingBlueDBID -1.0
- ~(ㄴ/는)다
- (간다 / 먹는다 = 가다 / 먹다)
- dictionary forms
- (go / eat = go / eat)
-
~(ㄴ/는)다니(요)?
(숀은 족발을 먹는다니요?)
- echoed quotation to verify what someone said:
- (You say that Sean ate jokbal?)
-
~(ㄴ/는)다면서(요)?
(다음 주에 시험을 본다면서요? -- 네)
- ask confirmation from another person of what the speaker heard elsewhere:
- (So I hear we are having a test next week? -- Yeah.)
-
~(으)ㄴ/는걸(요)
(좀 더 서두릅시다. 다들 기다리겠는걸요.)
- used to state a newly discovered fact or one's argument:
- (Let's hurry a bit more. They must all be waiting.)
-
~(으)ㄴ/는데(요)
(이번 봄에 한국으로 가는데요. (...)거기 봄 날씨는 어떻습니까?)
(비가 오는데...일직 집에 들어갑시다.)
- for imminent elaboration meaning one could continue explaining if they wanted:
- (I'll be going to Korea this spring, so what's the weather like there in spring.)
- (It's raining today; (in view of this) let's go home early.)
-
~(으)ㄴ가(요)?
(당쟁과 어떤 연관이 있지 않은가 생각됩니다.)
(재작년엔가.)
- the question of if/whether: -- wondering to oneself
- (It occurred to me of whether it is not the case that there is a connection with party rivalry.)
- (Was it the year before last?)
-
~(으)ㄹ걸(요)
(아버지도 늦게 들어오시든가, 호텔에서 주무시든가 할 걸요.)
(이따 네시 반에나 있을 걸요.)
- used to express an accusative tone: 'contrary to what you might think' or '...anyway, so there!'
- (Contrary to what you think, my father will probably either come home late or else sleep at a hotel.)
- (The next bus will come about 4:30 I guess.)
-
~거든(요)
(천천히 말씀해 주세오. 외국 사람이거든요.)
- used to add one's opinion or reason regarding what was previously stated:
- (Please speak slowly. I am a foreigner.)
-
~고말고(요)
(그 사람을 잘 아나요? -- 네, 알고말고요. 아주 좋은 사람이에요.)
- confirm a question or agree to what was previously stated:
- (Do you know the person well? -- Yes, of course. He is a very good person.)
-
~기는(요)
(피아노를 참 잘 치시네요. -- 잘 치기는요. 저보다 더 잘 치시는 분들이 얼마나 많은데요.)
- used to express disagreement with someone's statement: -- it shows humbleness when offered a compliment
- (You play the piano very well. -- Play well? There are a lot of people who can play better than I do.)
-
~기에(는)
(이 집은 다섯 사람이 살기에는 좁아요.)
- used when a situation is given as the basis upon which a judgement is made:
- (This room is too small for five people to live in.)
-
V~ㄴ/는다고(요) / N~이라고요
V or A~냐고요 question
V ~(으)라고요 /~라고요 commands
V ~자고요 suggestions
(오늘은 제가 한턱낼게요. -- 뭐라고요? 한턱내다고요? -- 네, 제가 한턱낸다고요.)
- used to repeat one's own words or used when the speaker is going to repeat another's words to confirm or protest:
- (It's my treat today. -- What? You're going to pay today? -- Yes. It's my treat.)
-
~나(요)?
(지난일 그까짓 생각할 건 뭐 있나?)
- question ending in Familiar or 하네 Style: -- used predominantly by grown ups or social equals and men not yet using the Intimate style
- (As for thinking to such a degree about past matters, what is the point?)
-
~(는)구나
(정말 친철하구나.)
(참 불쌍하구나.)
- meaning of first realization: -- 'Now I see/realize that...!'
- (How nice of you!)
- (What a pity!)
-
~니/냐?
(도꾜가 어떠니?)
- question ending in simple style:
- (How is Tokyo?)
-
~더군(요)
(사람은 누구나 혼자라고 그러더군요.)
- retrospective: -- 'now that I look back on/think about it, I realize...'
- (Now that I think about it, we're all alone in this life.)
-
~더라
(그 커피숖은 일찍 문을 닫더라.)
- conveys a new experience or feeling to a friend or subordinate: not used for speakers own actions
- (That cafe closes early, I recall.)
-
~더라고(요)
(새로 생긴 마트가 다른 마트보다 비싸더라고요.)
- used to convey new knowledge/facts discovered thru personal experience:
- (Products in the new supermarket are more expensive than at other supermarkets.)
-
~던가(요)
(어제 시험을 봤아요. -- 시험이 어렵던가요? -- 아니요, 생각보다 어렵지 않더라고요.)
- used to inquire what the other person experienced: usually a response comes with ~던데요 or ~더라고요
- (I took a test yesterday? -- Was the test hard? -- No, it wasn't as difficult as it seemed.)
-
~던데(요)
(미선 씨 못 봤아요? -- 복도에서 전화하던데요.)
- retrospective: used to express what the speaker witnessed in the past and now explaining in the present
- (Did you see Misun? -- She was talking on the phone in the hallway, as I recall.)
-
~아/어/(이)야
(동물의 생태를 연구하는 클럽야.)
- intimate style ending:
- (It's a club for studying animal ecology.)
-
~아/어라
(먹어라.)
- plain style imperative:
- (Eat.)
-
~아/어야지
(나야 뭐 하는 일이 있어야지.)
- intimate style for has to/must do: [of course/don't you know]
- (If only I had something to do...)
-
~자
(가자.)
- plain style suggestions:
- (Let's go.)
-
~잖아(요)
(잊혀지잖아(요)?)
- come on; isn't that right...
- (They got forgotten, right?)
-
~(는)군(요)
(게으름뱅이군요!)
(비만 오지 않으면 좋겠군요!)
- first realization -- 'Now I see/realize that...'
- (So, your a lazy bones, I see.)
- (Well, then, I guess we just have to hope it won't rain!)
-
~(으)니까(요)
(뭐뭐 했으니까요.)
- because (of)
- (Because he did something.)
-
~아/어서(요)
(뭐뭐 했어요.)
- because (of)
- (Because he did something.)
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