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The flashcards below were created by user
MeganM
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactaion, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury.
Nutrients
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What is an essential nutrient?
either not synthesized in the body or are made in insufficient amounts.
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WHAT IS BASAL METABOLISM?
The energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest.
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A BMI of ______ is underweight.
below 18.5
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A BMI of ______ is overweight.
25-29.9
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A BMI of ______ is obese, and ____ is extreme obesity.
30 or higher, 40 or higher
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The six classes of nutrients and their GENERAL functions.
- Carbs, proteins, fats = supply energy
- Vitamins, minerals, water = regulate body processes
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What are proteins important for?
formation of all body strutures, including genes, enzymes, muscle, bone matrix, skin, and blood.
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Where is cholesterol especially abundant?
brain and nerve cells
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What is cholesterol used for?
to sythesize bile acids and is a precursor of the steroid hormones and vitamin D.
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Most vitamins are in the form of _______ which help facilitate thousands of chem rxns in the body.
coenzymes
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Why are vitamins needed?
for the metabolism of macromolecules.
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Minerals are INORGANIC elements found in all body fluids and tissues in the form of ______ or combined with _______.
- salts (ex-NaCl)
- organic compounds (ex - iron w/ hemoglobin)
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Which macro minerals are needed by the body in amounts greather than 100 mg/day?
- calcium
- phosphorus
- sulfur
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
- magnesium
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What is obesity?
- body wt of 20% or more above ideal or
- BMI of 30 or more
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Synthesis of ______ declines with age and a level below _____ may be a reflection of aging rather than a nutritional risk factor.
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______ measurements are used to determine body dimensions.
anthropometric
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What is enteral nutrition?
administering nutrients directly into the stomach
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What is parenteral nutrition?
providing nutrition via IV therapy
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In what kind of pt may a nasointestinal tube (thru nose and into upper portion of sm intestine) be indicated?
- pt with increased risk for aspiration due to diminished gag reflex or
- slow gastric motility
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What type of patients should not get NG tubes?
- those with a dysfunctional gag reflex,
- high risk of aspiration,
- gastric stasis,
- gastroesophageal reflux,
- nasal injuries,
- unable to have head of bed elevated during feedings
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