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Stage Fright
Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
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Adrenaline
a hormone released into the bloodstream in responce to physical or mental stress
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positive nervousness
controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation
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Visualization
mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself giving a successful presentaion
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critical thinking
focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the sounds of evidence, and the difference between fact and opinion
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Speaker
The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener
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message
whatever the speaker communicates to someone else
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Channel
the means by which a message is communicated
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listener
the person who receives the speaker message
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frame of reference
the sum of a person knowledge
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Feedback
the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to speaker
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interference
anything that impedes the communication of the message
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situation
the time and place in which speech communication occurs
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ethnocentrism
the belief that one own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
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ethic
The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
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ethical decisions
Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines
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Name-Calling
the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups
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Bill Of Rights
the first 10 amendments to the USA constitution
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Plagiarism
presenting another person language or ideas as one own
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global plagiarism
stealing the speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one own
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Patchwork plagiarism
stealing ideas or language from two or three source and passing them off as one own
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incremental plagiarism
failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people
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paraphrase
to restate or summarize an authors ideas in ones own words
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Appreciative Listening
Listening for the pleasure or enjoyment
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emphatic listening
Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker
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comprehensive Listening
Listening to understand the message of a speaker
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critical Listening
Listening to evaluate a message for purpose of accepting or rejecting it
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Spare "brain time"
the difference between the rate at which most people talk and the rate at which the brain can process language
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Active Listening
giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker point of view
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Key-Word outline
an outline that briefly notes a speaker main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form
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ice breaker speech
a speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible
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Introduction
The opening to a speech
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body
The main points to the speech
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Chronological order
a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
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topical order
a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
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main points
the major points developed in the body of a speech `
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transitions
a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
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conculusion
the final section of a speech
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Gestures
Motion of a speaker hands and arms during a speech
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eye contact
direct visual contact with the eyes of another person
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Topic
The subject of a speech
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Brainstorming
a method of generating ideas for a speech topic by free association of words and ideas
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General purpose
the broad goal a speech
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specific Purpose
a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
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Central Idea
a one sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
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residual message
what a speaker wants the audience to remember after is has forgotten everything else in a speech
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Catalogue
a listing of all the books, periodical, and other resources owned by a library
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Call Number
a number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found
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Reference work
a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy to access by researcher
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Abstract
A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other then the original author
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Academic database
A database that catalogs articles from a scholarly journal
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Virtual libary
a search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloging and assessing data
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Sponsoring Organization
an organization that in the absence of clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet
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preliminary bibliography
a list compiled early in the research process of work that looks as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic
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preparation outline
a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, intro, main points,conclusion
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visual framework
the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationship among the speaker'd
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bibliography
a list of all the sources used in a preparing a speech
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Speaking outline
a brief outline used to jog a speaker memory during the presentation of a speech
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Delivery cues
directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how they want to deliver key parts of the speech
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graph
A visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns
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Chart
A visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form
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informative speech
a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding
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object
anything that is visible, tangible, and stable form
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Process
a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product
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Event
anything that happens or is regarded as happening
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Concept
a belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like
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Description
A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness
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comparison
a statement of the similarities among 2 or more people, events, ideas.
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Contrast
A statement of the difference among 2 or more people, events, ideas
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personalization
to present one ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience
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small group
a collection of 3 to 12 ppl who assemble for a specific purpose
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problem solving small group
a small group formed to solve a particular problem
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leadership
the ability to influence group members so as to help achieve the goals of the group
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Implied leader
A group member to whom other members defer because of there rank, expertise or other quality
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Emergent leader
a group member who emerges as a leader during the groups deliberations
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Designated leader
A person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed
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procedural needs
routine "housekeeping" actions necessary for the efficient conduct of business in a small group
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task needs
Substantive actions necessary to help a small group complete its assigned task
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Maintenance needs
Communicative actions necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a small group.
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Hidden agenda
a set of unstated individual goals that may conflict with the goals of the group as a whole
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Reflective thinking method
a five step method for directing discussion in a problem solving small group
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question of policy
a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken
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criteria
standards on which a judgement or decision can be based
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Brainstorming
A method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts
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Consensus
a group decisions that is acceptable to all members of the group
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oral reports
a speech presenting the finding, conclusions, or decisions of a small group
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symposium
a public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on different aspects on the same topis
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panel discussions
a structured conversation on a given topic among several people in front of an audience
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