Test Three

The TD 5/5 for the whole brain using standard fractionation is approx:

The period of organogenesis normally occurs between the _______ weeks of fetal development.

The phase of the cellular division most resistant to radiation is the _______ phase.

The immediate symptoms that appear after an acute radiation exposure are called _________ symptoms.

Nausea is associated with the __________ syndrome.

The period over which radiation is delivered is referred to as the _________.

Erythematous skin reactions during fractionated radiation therapy are seen as a result of _____________ in the area.

__________ is an effect of radiation on DNA.

In linear or nonlinear threshold dose-response curves, the response ___________ (may/may not) occur at low doses.

The average energy deposited per unit of path length to a medium by ionizing radiation as it passes through that medium descibes:

The four R's of radiobiology are:

Lung cancer would be classified as a _________ radiation response.

The standard radiation used to determine RBE is:

Without medical intervention, a person exposed to a single whole body dose of _____ may die within 10 days.

Xerostomia can become permanent after doses of:

Tissue injury ________ as the volume of tissue irradiated increases.

An anticipated response to radiation dose above 55 Gy to the colon is:

Regarding non stochastic effects, effects ________ (are/are not) seen in future generations and the _________ of effects is related to dose.

The part of the cell between the membrane and the nucleus is known as the:

The primary function of the cell nucleus is:

The main objectives of radiation protection include prevention of radiation-induced _________ effects and production of radiation-induced _________ effects.

Somatic effects are limited to the __________ individual.

Ellis' NSD formula is _________ and does not accomodate:

Regarding the tissue tolerance, as the volume of tissue increases, the tolerance dose _________.

Lethal damage is _________ and leads to ___________.

________ phase takes place between G1 and G2.

A cell survival curve usually has a ________ and _________.

Which dose effect curve implies that if radiation dose is doubled, the biological effect will be doubled?

Cellular growth and development is called:

According to the current recommendations, the guidance levels for cumulative exposures for a 30 year old occupational worker with 3 years of experience.

It is recommended that radiation exposure to the fetus should not exceed ______ for the entire gestation period.

The roentgen is a unit of measurement that specifies the __________ of air by x-ray or gamma radiation.

The term quality factor (Q) varies with _____________.

Dose equivalent is measured in units of:

The organization in the US that is principally responsible for recommending radiation dose limits is the:

The annual radiation dose to the lung from radon is estimated to be:

The annual dose limit for the occupational worker's lens is:

TRUE/FALSE:  Maximum exposure rate at a specific distance from a patient following insertion of radioactive sources can be measured with TLD's.

TRUE/FALSE: The requirement for barrier protection in walls/ceiling from primary radiation is reduced when there is a beam stopper on the treatment unit.

Cataract formation is an example of a ____________ effect.

The amount of energy absorbed in a medium is expressed in units of:

The quantity directly measured by the TLD is:

The radioactive source inventory room should have a sign that reads:

The _________ describes how much the primary beam is in use.

What is the equation to find the half value layer from linear attenuation coefficient or vice versa?

Patients undergoing thyroid ablation with I¹³¹ should not be released to leave the facility until survey meter readings reach less than _______ at ______ meter.

A monthly radiation exposure report says an employee received 0.5 Sv. If the source of the exposure were determined to be gamma radiation, the translation to absorbed dose would be:

How many HVL's reduce transmission to 2%?

Three tenth value layers reduce transmission to:

The shielding around stored radioisotopes must be adequate to reduce radiation levels to less than _____ mrem/hr at 1 meter.

What is the transmission formula?

List the half-life, source form and applications of Cesium 137:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Iridium 192:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Cobalt 60:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Iodine 125:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Palladium 103:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Gold 198:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Strontium 90:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Strontium 89:

List the half-life, source form and applications of Iodine 131:

The protective housing around the cobalt source of the cobalt machine should only allow transmission of ____% of the output.

The source of electrons in a linac is the _________.

Trimmer bars are attached to the collimator of the cobalt machine to reduce the effects of __________.

The purpose of the _________ is to evenly distribute the energy of the photon beam across a specified area.

What is the Penumbra formula?

The purpose of the _________ in the linac is to monitor dose rate and field symmetry.

The purpose of the Magnetron or Klystron is to:

As the distance from the source increases, the penumbra _________.

As the SCD increases, penumbra _________.

As the source size decreases, penumbra __________.

The field light on the linac is intended to represent the:

The scattering foil is placed in the path of the stream of electrons in the linac when programmed to operate in the _______ beam mode.

The cyclotron may produce _________ beams.

The energy range of the early generation superficial therapy machines is:

Geometric penumbra increases with increasing _______ and _________.

The Fletcher's suite apparatus is an example of __________ brachytherapy.

The important QA tests associated with the light field are field size _________ and Light & radiation field __________.

The target to patient skin distance is measured using the __________.

The constancy of a linac must be within ______% of established values.

The x-ray beam in the linac must exhibit flatness within about ____%

Full calibration & overhaul of treatment equipment must be carried out __________.

The exact position of the source in the applicator can be checked by __________.

Localizing lasers on simulators must be within ______ mm of isocenter.

To check the accuracy of gantry digital readouts, one could use a __________ at ______ degree increments

The Back-up timer, radiation off switch, door interlock and emergency off switch verify the _________ of radiation dose delivery.

The process for test a new linac before putting it into service is known as __________.

Gantry and collimator indicators should be accurate to within ___ degree.

A mechanical distance indicator is used to verify accuracy of the __________

Superficial therapy machines used short treatment distances because percentage depth dose __________.

The machine that consists of a short metallic cylinder divided into two D-shaped cavities is known as the __________