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itzlinds
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what is the fxn of the intervertebral disks:
- increase total ROM available to the spinal column
- shock absorbers of longitudinal and rotational stress placed on the column thru compression
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the tough, dense outer layer of the intervertebral disk is called:
annulus fibrosus
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the inner layer of the intervetebral disk, surrounded by the annulus fibrosus is called:
nucleus pulposus
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Where along the spinal column can no intervertebral disk be found:
1st cervical vertebra (C0-C1)
and
the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae (C1 - C2)
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which intervertebral disks, can be compressed from activities such as running, causing decreased ROM in the lumbar spine:
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Which 2 structures of the intervertebral disks are richly innervated by sensory nerves:
This nerve supply can account for much of the pain associated with disk degeneration or herniation, called:
- 2 structuresannulus fibrosus
- posterior longitudinal ligament
This nerve supply can account for much of the pain associated with disk degeneration or herniation, called: diskogenic pain
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list the 3 accessory motions that occur at the facet joints:
- anterior and posterior glide ( or flexion)
- lateral glide (extension)
- compression and distraction (side bending and rotation)
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the union between an intervertebral disk and the superior and inferior vertebrae forms the the :
- cartilaginous joint
- the facet joint represent the synovial articulartions
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list the structures the lumbar plexus innervates:
anterior and medial muscles of the thigh and the dermatomes of the medial leg and foot
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list the structures the sacral plexus innervates:
- buttocks
- via the sciatic nerve, innervates the muscles of the posterior femur and the entire lower leg
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list the distinct sections of the sciatic nerve:
- tibial nerve: anterior branches of the upper five nerve roots
- common peroneal nereve: posterior of the upper 4 nerve roots
- tibial nerve: innervates the hamstrings muscles
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what is the primary fxn of the extrinsic muscles:
provide respiration and movement associated with the upper extremity an scapula, indirectly influencing the spinal column
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what is the fxn of the intrinsic muscles:
lie close to the spinal column and directly influence its motion
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segmental stabilization of the lumbar spine, and active during lifting and rotational maneuvers is the fxn of the:
multidfidii
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what will be the characteristics of the multifidii in individuals who experience low back pain:
- atrophy
- weakness
- decreased activiation
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many spinal pain syndromes are associated with or complicated by which 3 things:
- improper foot mehcanics
- muscular tightness of the lower extremity
- imbalances of the pelvie and abdominal muscles
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a common site for stress fx in the lumbar spine is the:
pars interarticularis
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infection of which two systems of general health can cause lower back pain:
infection of the kidney and urinary tract
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list the following load a disk is under in the following:
supine:
standing:
sitting and leaning forward:
- supine: 75 kg
- standing: 100 kg
- sitting and leaning forward: 275
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physical findings such as pain with axial loading, widespread tenderness, and an excessive show of emotions that may present in pts. with great behavioral influence on their pain is called:
waddell
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the classic procedure used to determine whether the indvidual is malingering during the performance of fxnal and special tests is called:
Hoover test
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exercises consists of those motions that localize the pain toward the involved disk is called:
centralization
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list the 3 things that stability of the spinal segment comes from:
- active restraints (muscles)
- passive restraints ( ligaments, facet joints, disks, vertebral bodies and tension from muscultendionus units)
- neural control
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one of the most common orthopedic conditions seen for tx is:
strains of the spinal erector muscle groups
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the structure that gives the spine rigidity and protect the intervertebral disks against rotational injury is the:
lumbar facet joints
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list the 3 facet joint pathologies:
- dislocation and subluxation of the facet
- facet joint syndrome (inflammation)
- degeneration of the facet itself (arthritis)
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