Midterm

an art movement from England in the last decade of the 1800s that reacted against the Industrial Revolution by returning to handicrafts and traditional materials of production.

the leader of the English Arts and Crafts movement; he called for a nobility of purpose, faith in natural materials and handcrafted methods of production, and individual expression by designers and craftspeople.

printing shop set up by William Morris in England to produce high-quality printed books whose design was influenced by a medieval aesthetic.

type styles designed for headlines: they are often large, decorative, and emotionally suggestive, therefore not suitable for body text.

two color illustration created from two halftone plates

alignment of different plates for the printing process.

a period of time from 1830's- 1890's characterized by strong moral and religious beliefs (the reign of Queen Victoria of England).

photographer who experiments with captured motion images led to the development of motion pictures.

an image made using a light-sensitive silver plated sheet.

Frenchman who perfected a photographic imaging process in 1839.

developed by Ottoman Mergenthaler in 1886: keys dropped “female" matrices into line to form words; melted lead is then poured in to make a solid line of type.

a typeface without a serif. Essentially Egyptian type with the serif removed; first developed by William Caslon IV

a font where the shape of the letter is made narrow.

font where the shape of the letter is stretched wide.

font where the background of the letterforms is the printing area: leaves the appearance of white-on- black letters.

a three-dimensional font(often using a back shadow to create a sense of depth.

the curve transition from the main strokes of a letterforms to its serifs.

name given to “slab serif" fonts (Robert Thorne 1821)

the mid 1700s to the mid 1800's; a time when interchangeable parts led to a boom and manufacturing.

visionary English poet and artist (1757-1827) who self -published his books of poetry.

refers to the distance between the baseline and the mean line in a typeface (the height of the main shapes of the lower case letters).

is a circular chart divided into sections, showing proportions with in a whole.

is a chart with rectangular bars that show comparative growth.

a chart that shows growth across time via a line moving across a grid.

diagrams which visually represent complex statistical data (introduced by Scottish author and scientist Williams Playfair

a customized type arrangement that announces the author of a letter.

a font that only prints the outer contour of a letter and leaves the center of the letterforms open

a group of type font variations with different heights and tend to be visually compatible and easily mixed

small unit of measuring the height of a type font. 6 points equal one “line" 12 lines = “pounce" out roughly 1 inch currently 72 points =1 inch

a metalsmithing shop where metal shapes are cast (formed and reproduced)

a craftsman who specializes in casting metal type

a typeface commissioned by Louis the XIV for the French government. Based on a grid of 2,304 squares, each letter had increased contrast between thick and thin strokes, sharp horizontal serifs, and an even balance to each letter form.

decorative flourishes (composed of fleuron elements) beginning or ending a text piece to create visual bracketing.

decorative extended ascender or descender; a calligraphic flourish

a slanted typeface based on Italian script writing style.

large type signifying a new chapter or separate verse.

cast metal pieces with decorative floral designs.

A symbol to identify a person's trade as a specialty.

The way in which parts of a letterform are synchronized with others letters in a typeface.

space between letterforms.

means the “rebirth". Originally referring to the period that began in the 14th and 15th century in Italy (Florence was the epicenter for art, Venice for graphic design).

communication used to influence and sway the position or beliefs of someone; propaganda is spread to either help or harm a person or a cause.

the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century, led to the creation of the Protestant church.

a political religious reformer who broke the Catholic Church; he nailed his 95 theses to the door of the cathedral to protest church corruption.

text under an illustration or picture, to explain or draw attention to.

transitory written and printed matter not intended to be retained or preserved. The word derives from the Greek, meaning things lasting no more than a day. Some collectible ephemera are advertising trade cards, airsickness bags, bookmarks, catalogs, greeting cards, letters, pamphlets, postcards, tickets.

a Latin word meaning "cradle" or baby linen. This name is given to books that were printed from the Gutenberg's invention of typography until the end of the fifteenth century.

printing made from an incised (cut)plate

space between paragraphs on a page.

based on the design of a wine press; a large screw lowers a plate and ink is pressed from the type onto the paper surface with enough force to make an impression.

inventor of the first printing press. he was a goldsmith, developing the metalworking and engraving skills for making type.

recurring subject or theme, idea or design element.

a translucent emblem produced by pressure from a raise design on the papermaking mold and visible when the sheet of paper is held to light.

is a term for printing with independent movable and reusable bits of metal or wood type (each piece having a raised letter form on the face).

a fluid, spiraling, undulating or serpentine line or linear motif inspired by the designs and writings of the Muslim world.

visual embellishment; decorations that often appear in the margins of a text.

a people residing on the islands of Northwest Europe (now Ireland) during the Roman-era. Celtic design is abstract and extremely complex, with geometric linear patterns that weave, twist and fill a space with dark visual textures.

letter strokes that drop below the baseline.

letter strokes that rise above the top guideline.

the 1000 year period between the decline of Rome and the early Renaissance also known as the Middle Ages or the Dark ages.

a hand-written, hand-painted book decorated with gold leaf.

block letterforms that can be arranged and rearranged for planning

a publisher's emblem at the opening page of a book, listing the name of the printer, publisher,date, etc.

book form developed by the Greeks around the time of Jesus of Nazareth.

the finest parchment, made of the smooth skin of newborn calves.

writing surface made from skins of domestic animals; calves, sheep, ect.

writing tool used to mark into a surface.

large, open square style of letter written for clarity and legibility (latin: Capitalis Quadrata).

the clearness, clarity (readability) of written words.

the line which letters in a common word sit upon.

small lines extended from end of major strokes of a letterform.

ink writing using a wide flat pen.Comes from the Greek meaning "beauty writing".

is a group of symbols that represent the elementary sounds of a spoken language. The word is derived from the Greek two letters Alpha and Beta.

the bottom vertical fibers of the papyrus; the "back" of the page .

the upper horizontal fibers of a papyrus; the "front" of the page.

a picture writing system developed by the Ancient Egyptians. Greek "hiero" = sacred, "glyph" = carving.

pictures representing words/syllables with the same or similar sound as the object represented.

the earliest form of written language. Wedge-shaped writing developed by the Sumerians of the Ancient Near East (Mesopotomia, currently Iraq) around 3000 BCE

to be used for a function or purpose; for utility, as opposed to decorative.