Clinical Framework

• any act in which info is given to or received from another person concerning that persons needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states
• process of sharing info between indivduals
• can be broadly divided into speech and lang with speech being the expression of thoughts in spoken words
• lang is complex, dynamic and rule based system of conventional symbols

intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms and may occur

• the most widely used means of communication
• the communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words

• asha defined as: a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication
• lang is rule governed and is described by at least five linguistic parameters
•    -phono
•    -morpho
•    -syntactic
•    -semantic
•    -pragmatic

• the study of the sound system of lang and inclueds the rules that govern its spoken form
• it analyzes which sound units are within a lang
• it analyzes how these sounds are arranged, their systematic organization and rule system
•     -ex: english allows no more than 3 consonants at the beginning of a word, and some combos are not accepted

• the structure of words and how words are buillt out of morphemes
•     -morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of lang (prefix, suffix, tenses)
•     -a morpheme can be the word like dog or an addition of plurality or tense
• counting morphemes is counting sounds not syllables

The organizational rules denoting word, phrase and clause order, sentence organization and the relationship between words; word classes and other sentence elements

• word meaning, vocabulary
• The study of linguistic meaning and the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences
• Includes the fact that certain words have more than one meaning (bat) or that words can have similar meanings (dog, canine)
• Some words have more in common than others (dog, cat, hamster  vs. dog, boy, flower)

• The study of language used to communicate within various situational contexts
• Includes the reasons for talking, conversational skills and the flexibility to modify speech for different listeners and social situations
• Understanding that we talk differently to small children vs. older adults and certain situations dictate how and what we say (interview vs. talking to friends) (also seen with pets/animals) 
• Use of non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, gestures and word emphasis

• the impairment in the ability to receive, send, process and comprehend concepts including verbal, nonberbal and graphic symbol systems
• categorized as
•     -hearing disorder
•     -speech disorder
•     -lang disorder

• oral, verbal communication that is deviant from the norm, it is noticeable or interferes with communication
• articulation-impairment of the motor porduction of speech sounds
• fluency-impairment of rate of speaking
• voice-impairment or diff in sound of voice or voice production

• Impaired comprehension and or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems
• may involve one or more of phonology, morph, syn, sem, prag

• often used to describe an individuals speech or the totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech
•     =skills develop following a hierarchy of difficulty as motor skills are refined through the years
• speech sounds are central units of production
• relate to motor/articulator skills

• physical sound realities-they are the end of the articulatory motor processes
• includes artic form and linguistic function
• linguistic function includes the rules that address how specific sound units can be arranged to porduce apporopriate words

• a speech sound
• smallest linguistic unit that when combined with other units can establish word meanings and distinguish between them
• capable of differentiating morphemes
• not always produced the same way in every word

• refers to the changes which occur in a phoneme when produced in differing contexts (variant production)
•     -/p/ initial position with aspiration
•    --/sp/ initially is unaspirated

• the study of how phonemes are organized and function in communication
• phonotactics-refers to description of the allowed combos of phonemes in a particular lang
•     --ks only used at end of word
•     --sk can be used at beginning or end of word syllable
•     --sounds in russian not found in english

phonetic variations

• two words that differ by only one phoneme
• rhyming word
•    --hog/dog
•    --cat/hat etc