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what is communication
- any act in which info is given to or received from another person concerning that persons needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states
- process of sharing info between indivduals
- can be broadly divided into speech and lang with speech being the expression of thoughts in spoken words
- lang is complex, dynamic and rule based system of conventional symbols
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communication may be ____ or _____.
intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms and may occur
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what is speech
- the most widely used means of communication
- the communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words
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what is language
- asha defined as: a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication
- lang is rule governed and is described by at least five linguistic parameters
- -phono
- -morpho
- -syntactic
- -semantic
- -pragmatic
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what is phonology
- the study of the sound system of lang and inclueds the rules that govern its spoken form
- it analyzes which sound units are within a lang
- it analyzes how these sounds are arranged, their systematic organization and rule system
- -ex: english allows no more than 3 consonants at the beginning of a word, and some combos are not accepted
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what is morphology
- the structure of words and how words are buillt out of morphemes
- -morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of lang (prefix, suffix, tenses)
- -a morpheme can be the word like dog or an addition of plurality or tense
- counting morphemes is counting sounds not syllables
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what is syntax
The organizational rules denoting word, phrase and clause order, sentence organization and the relationship between words; word classes and other sentence elements
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what is semantics
- word meaning, vocabulary
- The study of linguistic meaning and the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences
- Includes the fact that certain words have more than one meaning (bat) or that words can have similar meanings (dog, canine)
- Some words have more in common than others (dog, cat, hamster vs. dog, boy, flower)
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what are pragmatics
- The study of language used to communicate within various situational contexts
- Includes the reasons for talking, conversational skills and the flexibility to modify speech for different listeners and social situations
- Understanding that we talk differently to small children vs. older adults and certain situations dictate how and what we say (interview vs. talking to friends) (also seen with pets/animals)
- Use of non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, gestures and word emphasis
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what is a communication disorders
- the impairment in the ability to receive, send, process and comprehend concepts including verbal, nonberbal and graphic symbol systems
- categorized as
- -hearing disorder
- -speech disorder
- -lang disorder
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what are speech disorders
- oral, verbal communication that is deviant from the norm, it is noticeable or interferes with communication
- articulation-impairment of the motor porduction of speech sounds
- fluency-impairment of rate of speaking
- voice-impairment or diff in sound of voice or voice production
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what is a lang disorder
- Impaired comprehension and or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems
- may involve one or more of phonology, morph, syn, sem, prag
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articulation
- often used to describe an individuals speech or the totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech
- =skills develop following a hierarchy of difficulty as motor skills are refined through the years
- speech sounds are central units of production
- relate to motor/articulator skills
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speech sounds represent what
- physical sound realities-they are the end of the articulatory motor processes
- includes artic form and linguistic function
- linguistic function includes the rules that address how specific sound units can be arranged to porduce apporopriate words
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what is a phoneme
- a speech sound
- smallest linguistic unit that when combined with other units can establish word meanings and distinguish between them
- capable of differentiating morphemes
- not always produced the same way in every word
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what is a allophone
- refers to the changes which occur in a phoneme when produced in differing contexts (variant production)
- -/p/ initial position with aspiration
- --/sp/ initially is unaspirated
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what is phonology
- the study of how phonemes are organized and function in communication
- phonotactics-refers to description of the allowed combos of phonemes in a particular lang
- --ks only used at end of word
- --sk can be used at beginning or end of word syllable
- --sounds in russian not found in english
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phonotactics is also known as what
phonetic variations
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minimal pairs
- two words that differ by only one phoneme
- rhyming word
- --hog/dog
- --cat/hat etc
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