Endocrine GBC test 3

• 1 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• 2 Norepinephrine (noradrenaline; also released by some sympathetic neurons)

It inreases blood calcium concentration by increasing the brakedown of bone with the release of calcium in to the blood.

To decrease the blood calcium concentration by causing calcium to be deposited in the bones.

To increases the rate at which energy is released from carbohydrates.

It also increases the rate of protein synthesis.

and lastly accelerates growth and stimulates activity inthe nervous system.

Stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract.

may initiate labor.

Causes glanduler cells of the breast to release milk into ducts.

To accelerate water reabsorption from urine in the kidney tubules into the blood there by decreasing urine secretion.

To stimulate milk production after birth.

To stimulate an increase in the size and rate of reproduction of the body cells.

also enhances the movement of amino acids through membranes.

It causes rapid increase inthe synthesis and spread of melanin (pigment in the skin.

It ac with FSH to stimulate estrogen secretion and follicle growth to maturity.

it causes ovulation.

it also causes luteinization of the ruptured follicle and stimulates progesterone secretion by corpus luteum.

lastly it causes interstitial cells in the testes to secret testosterone in males.

It initiates growth of the ovarian follicles each month in the ovary and stimulates one of more follicles to develop to the stage of maturity and ovulation.

It also stimulates estrogen secretion by developing follicles.    

stimulates sperm production in males.

To stimulate growth of the adrenal cortex.

also stimulates the adrenal cortex to secret glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol).

To control the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland.

It also stimulates growth of the thyroid gland.

and stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone.

"sleep trigger" role in establishing day night cycle.

It decreases blood glucose level by promoting movement of glucose out of blood and into cells increasing glucose metabolism by cells.

Increases blood glucose level by promoting liver glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose)

Helps the body resist stress by intensifying and prolonging effects of the sympathetic stimulation.

Epinephrine secretion is the body's first endocrine response to stress.

snall amounts of male hormone (androgen) and female hormone (estrogen)

To increase blood sodium and decrease body potassium concentration this is done by accelerating kidney tubule re-absorption of sodium and excretion of potassium.

It acts with epinephrine and norepineprine to produce an anti- inflammatory effect, to bring about normal recovery from inflammation of various kinds. 

it also produces anti-immunity and antiallergy effects.

the secretion of glucocorticoid quickly increases when the body is stress.

• To help maintain normal blood glucose concentration by increasing gluconeogenesis.
• This plays an essential part i maintaining normal blood pressure.

• 1 chorionic gonadotropin
• 2 Estrogen
• 3 Progesterone

1 Thymosin

1 Progesterone

1 Estrogens

1 Testosterone

1 parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• 1 Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine 
• 2 Calcitonin

• 1 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• 2 Oxytocin (OT)

• 1 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• 2 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• 3 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• 4 Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• 5 Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
• 6 Growth hormone (GH)
• 7 Prolactin (PRL)

1 melatonin

they do not produce hormones the Alpha and Beta cells in the pancreatic islets praduce the hormones

• Alpha cells (Glucagon)
• Beta cells (Insulin)

• 1 Glucocorticoids
• 2 Mineralocorticoids (MCs) e.g ,aldosterone
• 3 Sex Hormones

• 1 Pineal gland
• 2 Hypothalamus
• 3 Pituitary gland
•   i anterior pituitary
•  ii posterior pituitary
• 4 Thyroid gland
• 5 Parathyroid gland
• 6 Adrenal gland
•    i adrenal cortex
•   ii adrenal medulla  
• 7 Pancreas Pancreatic Islets (of Langerhans)
• 8 Ovaries -ovarian follicles
•               -corpus luteum  
•               -thymus
•               -placenta (female) 
• 9 Gonads -Testis (male)