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The flashcards below were created by user
LaurenCamp29
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Learned predisposition to respond cognitively, effectively, and behaviorally to a particular object
Attitude
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The principles people follow in making judgements about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior
Attribution
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An explanation for the cause of behaviors and events
Attribution
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A feeling of discomfort caused by a discrepancy between an attitude and a behavior or between two competing attitudes
Cognitive Dissonance
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Cognitive Dissonance is most prevalent in what kinds of Cultures?
Individualistic Cultures
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Prejudice is an...
Attitude
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Discrimination is a...
Behavior (they're actually doing something)
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In Zimbardo's prison experiment, the majority of participants with the role of prisoner became...
Passive
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Based on Latane and Darley's theory Kity Genovese might have survived if she had been attacked in the presence of...
Only one neighbor who knew no one else was around
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Why do people engage in the Fundamental Attribution Error?
It is easier to blame people than "things"
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Misjudging the causes of others' behavior as due to internal (dispositional) causes rather than external (situational) ones
Fundamental Attribution Error
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A situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole
Social Trap
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Viewing members of the ingroup more positively than members of an outgroup
(we tend to like those who like us)
Ingroup Favoritism
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Judging members of an outgroup as more alike and less diverse than members of the ingroup
Outgroup Homogeneity Effect
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A learned, generally negative, attitude toward members of a group; it includes thoughts (stereotypes), feelings and behavioral tendencies
Prejudice
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Blocking of a desired goal (frustration) creates anger that may lead to aggression
Frustration-Aggression Principle
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Taking credit for our successes and externalizing our failures
Self-serving Bias
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People who conform to, or go along with, because we like and admire them and want to be like them
Reference Groups
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The behavioral component of prejudice
Discrimination
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The three key factors in Attraction:
- Physical Attractiveness
- Proximity
- Similiarity
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The cognitive component of prejudice
Stereotyping
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A set of beliefs about the characteristics of people in a group that is generalized to all group members
Stereotype
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Any behavior intended to harm someone
Aggression
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The tendency of people in a group to exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal
(working in a group and only some people do the work)
Social Loafing
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When group members work harder towards a common goal
Social Facilitation
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Changing behavior because of real or imagined group pressure
Trying to fit in or not stick out
Conformity
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Makes those work harder, not by the conditions, but by letting the worker think they're being observed or watched.
Hawthorne Effect/Observer Bias
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Reduced self-consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that sometimes occurs in a group, particularly when the members feel anonymous
Deindividuation
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The dilution (or diffusion) of personal responsibility for acting by spreading it among all other group members
Diffusion of Responsibility
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Conforming because of need information and direction
Informational Social Influence
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Cultural rule of behavior prescribing what is acceptable in a given situation
Norm
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Conforming to group pressure out of a need for approval and acceptance
Normative Social Influence
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Following direct commands, usually from an authority figure
Obedience
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Negative behaviors directed at members of a group
Discrimination
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Key factor in attraction involving geographic, residential, and other forms of physical closeness
Proximity
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Strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship
Companionate Love
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Focusing on the most noticeable factors when explaining the causes of behavior
Saliency Bias
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Helping that’s motivated by anticipated gain
Egotistic Model
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Faulty decision making that occurs when a highly cohesive group strives for agreement and avoids inconsistent information
Group Think
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Group’s movement toward either riskier or more conservative behavior, depending on the members’ initial dominant tendency
Group Polarization
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Attraction based on sharing similar needs
Need Compatibility
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Intense feeling of attraction to another within an erotic context and with future expectations
Romantic Love
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Actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper
Altruism
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3 Major Components to all Attitudes
- Cognitive
- Affective
- Behavioral
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Evidence suggests that bystanders failed to intervene in the Kitty Genovese murder because there was...
Diffusion of Responsibility
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Attraction to others based on opposite traits
Need Complementary
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A person acts a certain way based in response to situational demands and their environment
Situational Attribution
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If we are shown things once we are more likely to enjoy it the second time
Mere Exposure Effect
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3 elements that Rubin thought were important in Loving
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3 elements Rubin thought were important in Liking
- Admiration
- Respect
- Favorable Evaluation
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Illusions are the foundations of...
Romantic Love
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Roles are based on...
Social Expectations
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When we first agree to a small request we are more than likely to agree to a larger request
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
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Start off with a huge request first, then back down to a smaller request which is usually granted
Door-in-the-Face Phenomenon
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What are the four conformity strengtheners?
- 1. Person is made to feel incompetent or insecure
- 2. others observe one's behavior
- 3. group is unanimous
- 4. 3+ people in group
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