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When were the first blood cells seen? By whom?
1642 by Leeuwenhoek
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When were platelets discovered?
1842
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What are the primary services offered by hematology labs?
- Specimen collection/preparation
- Quantitative measurement of cells
- Measurements of cell volume
- Evaluation of cellular contents/components
- Cell ID using morphological, cytochemical, and cell surface markers
- ID of reactive or neoplastic alterations
- Evaluation of RBC/WBC/platelets
- Evaluation of cellular development (in marrow)
- Evaluation of hemostatic function
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a/an-
aniso-
cyt-
dys-
erythro-
ferr-
hemo/hemato-
- a/an: lack, without, absent, decreased
- aniso: unequal, dissimilar
- cyt: cell
- dys: abnormal, difficult, bad
- erythro: red
- ferr: iron
- hemo/hemato: pertaining to blood
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hypo-
hyper-
iso-
luek(o)-
macro-
mega-
meta-
micro-
- hypo: beneath, under, deficient, decreased
- hyper: above, beyond, extreme
- iso: equal, alike, same
- leuk(o): white
- macro: large, long
- mega: large, giant
- meta: after, next, change
- micro: small
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myel(o)-
pan-
phleb-
phago-
poikilo-
poly-
schis-
scler-
- myel(o): bone marrow, spinal cord, sometimes white cells
- pan: all, overall, all-inclusive
- phleb: vein
- phago: eat, ingest
- poikilo: varied, irregular
- poly: many
- schis: split
- scler: hard
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splen-
thromb(o)-
xanth-
- splen: spleen
- thromb(o): clot, thrombus
- xanth: yellow
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-cyte
-emia
-itis
-lysis
-oma
-opathy
-osis
- cyte: cell
- emia: blood
- itis: inflammation
- lysis: destruction, dissolving
- oma: swelling, tumor
- opathy: disease
- osis: abnormal increase, disease
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-penia
-phil(ic)
-plasia(plastic)
-poiesis
-poietin
- penia: deficiency, decreased
- phil(ic): attracted to, affinity for
- plasia(plastic): cell production, repair
- poiesis: cell production, formation, and development
- poietin: stimulates production
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anemia
anisocytosis
aplasia
dysmyelopoiesis
panmyelosis
- anemia: lack of blood
- anisocytosis: cells not the same size
- aplasia: poor cell repair
- dysmyelopoiesis: poor WBC production
- panmyelosis: increase of all cell types
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what are the functions of blood?
- transportation: dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, enzymes, and hormones
- stabilizes: pH, electrolytes, body temperature
- prevents fluid losses
- protection: toxins, pathogens
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How many pints of blood (men/women)? pH? % body weight (blood/marrow)? Temp?
- men 10-12 pints
- women 8-10 pints
- pH 7.35-7.45
- Blood ~10% body weight
- Marrow ~5% body weight
- Temp slightly higher than body temp (38C vs 37C, 100.4F vs 98.6F)
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Layers of blood (%) after centrifugation w/ anticoagulant?
- Plasma: 54% (fluid)
- Buffy Coat: 1% (WBC/platelets)
- Erythrocytes: 45% (RBC)
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Describe the contents of plasma
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Nutrients
- Organic wastes
- Proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen)
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What are the formed elements? (list all cell types)
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes)
- thrombocytes
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