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What are the three "general" types of stains?
- Fixed: cells are dead and fixed on slide
- Supravital: stained while living, but not in body
- Vita: stained while in the organism
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Give information about the Wright stain (type? ingredients? Rxn?)
- Romanowsky type stain (red/blue dye | acid/base)
- Methylene blue: neg/basic (nucleus / DNA)
- Eosin Y or Eosin B: pos/acid (cytoplasm, hemoglobin)
- Methyl alcohol (fixes cells)
- Phosphate buffer: pH 6.4-6.7 (critical to rxn)
- Primary rxn: acid-base affinity of cells
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Wright Stain example procedure
- Prepare smear and air dry
- Fix smear in methyl alcohol
- Add methylene blue & eosin (3 min)
- Add phosphate buffer to stain, mix
- Allow both to remain on smear (5 min)
- Rinse slide w/ water
- Air dry
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Give information about reticulocyte stain (type? ingredients? rxn? for?)
- Supravital stain
- New methylene blue OR brilliant cresyl blue
- NaCl
- Primary rxn: dye precipitates RNA forming visible network of reticulum
- *measure of RBC production
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Give information about Fetal hemoglobin stain (alt name? ingredients? rxn? for?)
- Kleihauer stain
- Citric acid - phosphate buffer
- Acid hematoxylin
- Erythrosin
- Primary rxn: non-F hgB such as Hgb A are dissolved and eluted from cell. Hgb F is acid resistant, remains in cell, and stains red
- Other cells appear as "ghost cells"
- *acid elution test for Hgb F
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Give information about Iron Stain (alt name? ingredients? rxn?)
- Prussian blue reaction
- 2% potassium ferrocyanide
- 2% HCl
- Primary rxn: fe3+ + potassium ferrocyanide = ferric ferrocyanide
- Shows a blue-green iron precipiate
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Give information about Heinz Body stain (type? ingredients? rxn?)
- Supravital stain
- Crystal violet OR methyl violet soln
- Primary rxn: staining of denatures and precipitated hgb
- *not visible w/ wright stain
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