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rwischnewski
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Culture is....
- a way of life
- shared by members of society
- shapes how we act, think and feel
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Culture is a _____ trait.
- human
- although several species display a limited capacity for culture, only humans begins rely on culture for survival
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Culture is a product of _______.
evolution.
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As the human brain evolved, culture replaced _______ instincts as our speices primary stragety for _____.
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Culture?
the ways of thinking, the ways of acting and the material objects that together from a people's way of life.
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nonmaterial culture?
the ideas created by members of a society
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material culture?
the physical things created by members of a society
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society?
people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
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culture shock?
personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
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symbol?
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
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language?
a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
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cultural transmission?
the process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
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Sapir-Whorf thesis?
the idea that people see and understand the world through the culture lens of language
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values?
culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
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beliefs?
specific ideas that people hold to be true
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norms?
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
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mores?
norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
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folkways?
norms for routine or causal interaction
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technology?
knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
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hunting and gathering?
the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food
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horticulture?
the use of hand tools to raise crops
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pastoralism?
the domestication of animals
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agricutlure?
large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
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industry?
the production of goods using advanced soruces of energy to drive large machinery
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postindustrialism?
the production of information suing computer technology
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When do we experience culture shock?
when we enter an unfamiliar culture and are not able to read meaning in our new surroundings
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When do you create culture shock for others?
When we act in ways they do not understand.
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Culture relies on symbols in the form of.....
- words
- gestures
- actions to express meaning
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How do people use langage?
to transmit culture from one generation to the next
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Because every culture is different, each ______ has words or expression not found in any other language.
language
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values care abstract _______ of what ought to be
standards
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values can sometimes _______ one another
conflict
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low-income countries have cultures that value ______.
survival
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higher-income countries have culture that value __________ and __________.
- individualism
- self expression
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_______ are specific statements that people who share a _______ hold to be true.
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________, guide human behavior.
norms
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Examples of Mores?
sexual taboos
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Examples of Folkways?
greeting or dining etiquette
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_______ is shaped by ______. We understand technological development in terms of stages of _________.
- culture
- technology
- sociocultural evolution
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Stages of Sociocultural Evolution?
- hunting and gathering
- horticulture and pastoralism
- agriculture
- industry
- postindustrial information technology
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high culture?
cultural patterns that distinguish society's elite
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popular culture?
cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population
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subculture?
cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
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multiculturalism?
a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
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euro centrism?
the dominance of European cultural patterns
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Afrocentrism?
promoting African cultural patterns
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counterculture?
cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
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cultural integration?
close relationships among various elements of a cultural system
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cultural lag?
the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system
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ethnocentrism?
the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
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cultural relativism?
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
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We live in a ________.
culturally diverse society
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This diversity is due to our country's __________.
history of immigration
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Diversity reflect differences in social class that set off __________ from ____________.
- high culture
- popular culture
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_________ is based on difference in interests and life experiences.
subculture
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__________ is an effort to enhance appreciation of cultural diversity.
multiculturalism
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multiculturalism developed as a reaction to the earlier _____________, which was thought to result in _________ losing their identify as they adopted mainstream cultural patterns.
- melting pot idea
- minorities'
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__________ is strongly at odds with conventional ways of life.
counterculture
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cultural change results from.........
- invention
- discovery
- diffusion
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examples of diffusion?
growing popularity of various ethic foods and musical styles
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examples of discovery......
the recognition that woman are capable of political leadership
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____________ results when some parts of a cultural system change faster than others.
cultural lag
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How do we understand cultural differences?
- ethnocentrism
- cultural relativism
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___________ links people to their society but can cause ________ and ________ between societies.
- ethnocentrism
- misunderstanding
- conflict
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____________ is increasingly important as people of the world come into more and more ______ with each other.
- cultural relativism
- contact
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What are some theories of culture?
- structional-functional theory
- social conflict theory
- feminist theory
- sociobiology theory
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_____________theory views culture as a relatively stable system built on core values. All ____________ play some part in the ongoing operation of society.
- structional-functional theory
- cultural patterns
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__________ theory sees culture as a dynamic arena of inequality and conflict. Cultural patters benefit some categories of people ,ore than others. _______ claimed that cultural patterns reflect the operation of a society's _____________.
- Social conflict theory
- Marx
- economic system
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________ theory is a type of social-conflict theory that sees culture as a system of _______ based on gender.
Feminst
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________ theory explores how the long history of ______ has shaped patterns of culture in today's world.
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cultural universals?
traits that are part of every known culture
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gender?
the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attaches to being a female or male
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sociobiology?
a theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture
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Culture can _____ the choices we make.
limit
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As cultural creatures, we have the _____ to shape and reshape our world to meet our needs and pursue our dreams.
capacity
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What are the components of culture?
- symbols
- language
- values and beliefs
- norms
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