-
Culture is....
- a way of life
- shared by members of society
- shapes how we act, think and feel
-
Culture is a _____ trait.
- human
- although several species display a limited capacity for culture, only humans begins rely on culture for survival
-
Culture is a product of _______.
evolution.
-
As the human brain evolved, culture replaced _______ instincts as our speices primary stragety for _____.
-
Culture?
the ways of thinking, the ways of acting and the material objects that together from a people's way of life.
-
nonmaterial culture?
the ideas created by members of a society
-
material culture?
the physical things created by members of a society
-
society?
people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
-
culture shock?
personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
-
symbol?
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
-
language?
a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
-
cultural transmission?
the process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
-
Sapir-Whorf thesis?
the idea that people see and understand the world through the culture lens of language
-
values?
culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
-
beliefs?
specific ideas that people hold to be true
-
norms?
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
-
mores?
norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
-
folkways?
norms for routine or causal interaction
-
technology?
knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
-
hunting and gathering?
the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food
-
horticulture?
the use of hand tools to raise crops
-
pastoralism?
the domestication of animals
-
agricutlure?
large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
-
industry?
the production of goods using advanced soruces of energy to drive large machinery
-
postindustrialism?
the production of information suing computer technology
-
When do we experience culture shock?
when we enter an unfamiliar culture and are not able to read meaning in our new surroundings
-
When do you create culture shock for others?
When we act in ways they do not understand.
-
Culture relies on symbols in the form of.....
- words
- gestures
- actions to express meaning
-
How do people use langage?
to transmit culture from one generation to the next
-
Because every culture is different, each ______ has words or expression not found in any other language.
language
-
values care abstract _______ of what ought to be
standards
-
values can sometimes _______ one another
conflict
-
low-income countries have cultures that value ______.
survival
-
higher-income countries have culture that value __________ and __________.
- individualism
- self expression
-
_______ are specific statements that people who share a _______ hold to be true.
-
________, guide human behavior.
norms
-
-
Examples of Mores?
sexual taboos
-
Examples of Folkways?
greeting or dining etiquette
-
_______ is shaped by ______. We understand technological development in terms of stages of _________.
- culture
- technology
- sociocultural evolution
-
Stages of Sociocultural Evolution?
- hunting and gathering
- horticulture and pastoralism
- agriculture
- industry
- postindustrial information technology
-
high culture?
cultural patterns that distinguish society's elite
-
popular culture?
cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population
-
subculture?
cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
-
multiculturalism?
a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
-
euro centrism?
the dominance of European cultural patterns
-
Afrocentrism?
promoting African cultural patterns
-
counterculture?
cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
-
cultural integration?
close relationships among various elements of a cultural system
-
cultural lag?
the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system
-
ethnocentrism?
the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
-
cultural relativism?
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
-
We live in a ________.
culturally diverse society
-
This diversity is due to our country's __________.
history of immigration
-
Diversity reflect differences in social class that set off __________ from ____________.
- high culture
- popular culture
-
_________ is based on difference in interests and life experiences.
subculture
-
__________ is an effort to enhance appreciation of cultural diversity.
multiculturalism
-
multiculturalism developed as a reaction to the earlier _____________, which was thought to result in _________ losing their identify as they adopted mainstream cultural patterns.
- melting pot idea
- minorities'
-
__________ is strongly at odds with conventional ways of life.
counterculture
-
cultural change results from.........
- invention
- discovery
- diffusion
-
examples of diffusion?
growing popularity of various ethic foods and musical styles
-
examples of discovery......
the recognition that woman are capable of political leadership
-
____________ results when some parts of a cultural system change faster than others.
cultural lag
-
How do we understand cultural differences?
- ethnocentrism
- cultural relativism
-
___________ links people to their society but can cause ________ and ________ between societies.
- ethnocentrism
- misunderstanding
- conflict
-
____________ is increasingly important as people of the world come into more and more ______ with each other.
- cultural relativism
- contact
-
What are some theories of culture?
- structional-functional theory
- social conflict theory
- feminist theory
- sociobiology theory
-
_____________theory views culture as a relatively stable system built on core values. All ____________ play some part in the ongoing operation of society.
- structional-functional theory
- cultural patterns
-
__________ theory sees culture as a dynamic arena of inequality and conflict. Cultural patters benefit some categories of people ,ore than others. _______ claimed that cultural patterns reflect the operation of a society's _____________.
- Social conflict theory
- Marx
- economic system
-
________ theory is a type of social-conflict theory that sees culture as a system of _______ based on gender.
Feminst
-
________ theory explores how the long history of ______ has shaped patterns of culture in today's world.
-
cultural universals?
traits that are part of every known culture
-
gender?
the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attaches to being a female or male
-
sociobiology?
a theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture
-
Culture can _____ the choices we make.
limit
-
As cultural creatures, we have the _____ to shape and reshape our world to meet our needs and pursue our dreams.
capacity
-
What are the components of culture?
- symbols
- language
- values and beliefs
- norms
|
|
