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What is Albumin?
protein produced by the liver
-
Albumin increase
dehydration
-
Albumin decrease
liver damage
-
Alkaline Phosphatase increase
- liver disease
- bone disease
- increase blood cortisol due to Cushing's
-
What is Alanine Aminotransferase?
enzyme produced by the liver
-
Alanine Aminotransferase increase
liver damage
(SGPT)
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What is Amylase?
- enzyme produced by pancreas
- helps to breakdown starch --> sugar
-
Amylase increase
pancreatitis
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What is Bilirubin?
produced by the liver from old RBCs
-
Bilirubin increase
- liver disease
- gallbladder disease
- hemolysis
-
What is Blood Urea Nitrogen?
waste product produced by the liver from proteins in diet
-
BUN increase
kidney disease
-
BUN decrease
liver disease
-
Where does Calcium come from?
the bones
-
Calcium increase
- hyperparathyroidism
- kidney failure
- cancer
-
Calcium decrease
- before giving birth (eclampsia)
- malfunctioning parathyroid gland which produces PTH to control blood calcium levels
- antifreeze poisoning
-
What is Creatinine?
waste product of the muscles
-
Creatinine increase
- kidney disease
- dehydration
(eliminated from the body via kidneys)
-
Globulin increase
- stress
- dehydration
- allergies
- liver disease
- heart disease
- arthritis
- diabetes
-
Globulin decrease
- antibody issues
- immunodeficiency virus
-
Glucose increase
- Diabetes Mellitus
- mild increase seen in dogs with Cushing's
- can temporarily increase due to excitement during blood draw
-
Glucose decrease
- pancreatic cancer
- overwhelming infection (sepsis)
-
What is Hematocrit?
amount of RBCs in the blood
-
Hematocrit increase
dehydration
-
Hematocrit decrease
anemia (hemorrhage, parasites, nutritional deficiencies, liver disease..)
-
What is hemoglobin?
carries Oxygen
-
Hemoglobin increase
B-12 deficiency
-
-
Platelet increase
- fracture
- blood vessel injury
- cancer
-
Platelet decrease
- bone marrow depression
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- severe hemorrhage
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
-
What is Phosphorus?
produced by the bones, controlled by PTH which also controls blood Calcium
-
Phosphorus increase
kidney disease
-
Potassium increase
- kidney failure
- Addison's disease in dogs
- ruptured/obstructed bladder
lost through vomit/diarrhea/urine
-
What does Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin mean?
average weight of each HGB in each RBC
-
MCH increase
poorly oxygenated blood
-
MCH decrease
iron deficiency
-
What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration?
average % of HGB in each RBC
-
MCHC increase
high iron level
-
-
What is Mean Corpuscular Volume?
avrg size of RBC
-
MCV increase
B-12 deficiency
-
MCV decrease
iron deficiency
-
Mean Platelet Volume increase
- hyperthyroidism
- risk of thrombosis
-
-
RBC Distribution width
ansiocytosis
-
RBC increase
polycythemia--too many RBC being made by bone marrow
-
-
Sodium increase
dehydration
-
Sodium decrease
Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
-
Total Protein increase
- dehydration
- immune system being stimulated to produce large amounts of antibody
-
WBC increase
bacterial infection
-
-
-
-
-
-
normal hemoglobin
- dog- 14.5 gm/100 mL
- cat- 12 gm/100 mL
-
normal platelets
- dog- 150-600,000
- cat- 200-800,000
-
-
normal WBC
- dog- 11,000 (10-12,000)
- cat- 13,000
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