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What is the most common cancer in children
ALL
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What is Leukemia
A disease of the hematopoietic system. Uncontrolled production of leukocytes that fail to mature
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What are the 2 categories of Leukemia
- Acute-progresses quickly and is characterized by proliferation of undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow
- Chronic is distinguished by a slower progression of disease and the uncontrolled expansion of mature cells and is harder to cure
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What is the typical age for ALL cancer
Ages 2-3 and uncommon in persons older than 15
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Among the possible factors that predispose a person to leukemia is exposure to
1. Ionizing radiation
2. Benzene (poison)
3. Chemo agents
All 3
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What is the test for a definitive dx of leukemia
Bone marrow biopsy
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What is the staging used for leukemia
French American-British
remember this because Leukemia is a typical children's cancer and kids are FAB even with cancer
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What is the tx of choice for leukemia
- Chemo
- Prednisone
- vincristine
- L-aspaginase
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What age is AML affected at
40-67
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Which leukemia is more popular with the adults
AML
**adult mainly leukemia**
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Typical age for CLL
over age 40
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Which leukemia is the rarest
CML
**constantly missing leukemia
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Philadelphia Chromosome is linked to which cancer
CML
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Abnormal hematopoietic stem cells give rise to the presence of ______ chromosome
Philadelphia
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Which leukemia is only palliative with no cure
CML
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What is the survival rates for ALL, AML, CLL, CML
- All-85%
- AML-20%
- CLL-75%
- CML- no cure
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What is thrombocytopenia
decrease in thrombocytes/platelets
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What is leukoapheresis
The sifting out of WBCs. selective withdrawl of leukocytes from withdrawn blood so that they can be re transfused
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What is teratogenic
Causing physical defects in the developing embryo
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Where are Auer rods found
Typically found in leukemia and more specifically AML. They are rod shaped structures present in the cytoplasm
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What is eccymoses
a hemorrhagic spot in the skin. Looks round or irregular blue or purpilish
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When leukemic cells accumulate in the bone marrow, there is an impairment of the body's normal production of
RBCs
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What does Weissses mean
white blood
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What are the normal counts for
WBC
RBC
Platelets
- WBC 4,000-10,000
- RBC 4-6 million
- Platelets 150,000-500,000
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What are the 6 differential white blood cells
- neutrophils
- basophils
- eosinophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- platelets
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Which of the leukemias is not assoc with previous irradiation
CLL
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How much margin when treating the spleen would you see around the spleen
1cm
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Which leukemia has a hereditary factor
CLL
It has hereditary factor and not previous irradiation like the others
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What are the 3 types of bone marrow transplant and give a brief description of each
- autologous- patients own marrow is cleaned and returned
- allogenic- donor is compatible like a sister or even unrelated
- syngenic- donor is identical twin
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What is lymphocytosis
increase in lymphocytes and typically found in CLL
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Which leukemia is not usually treated until the pt is symptomatic
CLL
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Which leukemia can be confused with lymphoma
CLL
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