Health insurance portability and accountability act
A tumor that tends to grow slowly is said to be:
A. well differentiated
The most common cause of tissue damage is: A. Microbial infection
B. Ionizing radiation
C. Allergic or immune reaction
D. Hypoxia
d. hypoxia
All of the following tumors arise from epithelial tissues except:
C. leukemia
The organelle responsible for protein synthesis is the:
A. ribosomes
The cell cycle phase, which is the period before the duplication or synthesis of DNA in the nucleus, is:
C. G1
The process resulting in the transfer of genetic information from a molecule of DNA to a molecule of RNA is:
D. Transcription
The process that results in the construction of a polypeptide in accordance with the genetic information contained in a molecule of RNA is:
A. Translation
The gene that regulates the normal development and growth of cancerous tissue is a:
A. Oncogene
The absence or inactivation of which gene leads to uncontrolled growth or neoplasm?
B. Tumor suppressor gene
The term that relates biologic response to the quality of radiation is:
C. LET
Generally, which is the most radio sensitive phase of the cell cycle?
C. M
Which of the following tissues is the most radio sensitive?
D. Ocular lens
What are the four R's of radiation biology?
Reoxygenation, Redistribution, Repopulation and Repair
Strandquist's isoeffect curves are related to which of the following?
C. Fractionation
According to the law of B and T, ionizing radiation is more effective against cells that are:
Actively mitotic, undifferentiated and have a long mitotic future
Which of the following particles do not contribute to the direct effects of radiation?
C. positrons
Gross structural changes in chromosomes resulting from radiation damage are referred to as:
A. Aberrations lesions or anomalies
What is another term for the cellular response that results in that the delay of division of cells in the cell cycle?
D. Apoptosis
B. Mitotic delay
The most important parameters that allow interpretation of survival curves are:
Extrapolation number (n)
Do (or D37)
Quasi-threshold dose (Dq)
Which of the following are considered xray interactions occurring with matter?
A. Bremsstrahlung xrays
B. Compton scattering
C. photoelectric absorption
D. Rectification
Compton and photoelectric
Pulse radio frequency techniques to help produce medical images best describes which of the following imaging modalities?
C. MRI
Amorphous silicon is commonly found in:
C. Flat panel detectors
Although the following are methods of extending the life of an xray tube except:
A.
Bremsstrahlung interactions occur:
D. within the xray target
Which of the following does not relate to beam quality?
D. Penumbra
Which of the following two kilo voltage xray machines would be used to treat a skin cancer that was estimated to be nearly 2 cm in thickness?
C.
If an electron beam does not demonstrate consistency in depth across the treatment field what might be at fault?
D.
What is the average energy with which cobalt 60 emits gamma rays used for radiation therapy treatments?
D. 1.25
Penumbra is related to which of the following?
A. cobalt 60
B. Multi leaf collimator
C. klystron
D. magnetron (can be more than one)
A. and B.
Which of the following would not be used for IGRT?
D. Orthovoltage xray unit
A beam flattening filter is placed in the path of the beam when __________ are used for treatment purposes.
D. Xrays
What does a klystron or magnetron produce?
A. Microwave power
Trace the path of an electron in the linear accelerator or by selecting the best route from the following:
1 electron gun
2 collimator
3 accelerator guide
4 Bending magnet
1342: Electron gun accelerator guide Bending magnet collimator
Once certified, how many continuing education credits must a radiation therapist earn to maintain his or her registry?
C. 24 credits every two years
Which of the following viruses has been shown capable of living on environmentally friendly surface for as long as seven days?
C. Hepatitis B
The term used to describe the number of antibodies present any blood sample is:
C. Titers
If a healthcare worker is stuck by a needle and consents to blood collection but not to an HIV test, the blood sample must be preserved by law for at least:
C. 90 days
What are the six rights of medication administration?
right patient
right medication
right dose
right time
right route
right documentation
That way in which drugs affect the body is called:
C.
Which of the following is not a parenteral route of administration for medications?
C.
The way a drug travels through the body to the appropriate receptor site is known as:
D. Pharmacokinetics
The abbreviation QOD stands for:
B. Once every other day
The escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue, which can cause localized vasoconstriction, is termed:
D.
Which of the following is a parenteral route administration?
B. Intravenous
When using both tandem and ovoids in a gynecological implant, the typical resultant dose distribution has the shape of a:
D. Pear
After loading techniques were developed primarily to reduce:
A. Exposure personnel
The decay constant describes:
C. Fraction of the number of atoms that decay per unit time (λ)
The average lifetime for the decay of radioactive atoms is the definition of:
B. Mean life
Radium sources are leak tested to check for:
C. radon 222
Packing in GYN implants serves which of the following purposes:
I. spaces sources to even out dose distribution
II. aids in pushing dose sensitive structures farther from the source
III. provides stability of applicator placement
B. II and III
II. aids in pushing dose sensitive structures farther from the source
III. provides stability of applicator placement
The distance between the ends of radioactive material in a radioisotope tube is known as:
D. Active length
Modern photon radiation treatment units may:
E. All of the above
MV images differ from KV images in that MV images have:
A. Smaller amounts of metal artifacts
Four dimensional CT:
D.
Cone beam CT differs from regular CT and that cone beam CT:
C.
The respiratory cycle of a normal resting adult is approximately:
B. 4 seconds
One significant advantage of protons compared with photons is that:
D. Image guidance is not required
C.
The role of multi-leaf collimation is to produce a beam shape consistent with the 3D volume of the ________, referred to as beam sculpting.
A. Tumor
In inverse treatment planning, the planner ________ MLC settings.
A. Specifies
B. Does not specify
B. Does not specify
In inverse treatment planning, desired doses _______ to the tumor, as well as to normal tissues.
A. Are specified
B. Are not specified
A. Are specified
Treatment portals are designed using the perspective of a:
A.
Computer iterations are performed to establish:
D. Optimization
In treatment planning, when dose delivery parameters are computed based on target dose-delivery and normal tissue-avoidance criteria, the process is termed:
B. inverse
Plan evaluation for IMRT the relies on analysis of dose distribution to assess dose to designated normal tissue. One item of study includes the:
C. Dose volume histogram
A fluence pattern may also be referred to as a:
B. intensity profile
Activity is defined as:
D. The rate of nuclear decay
The source of ionizing radiation that contributes the most to exposure of the general population in the United States is:
C. Natural background radiation
Which type of device is best suited for output measurements of radiation therapy equipment?
C. Ionization chamber
Stochastic, or non threshold effects, of radiation exposure do not include:
A. cataract formation
Exposure of which of the following people would contribute the most to the genetically significant dose?
B. 20 year old woman
The annual effective dose equivalent limit for radiation workers is:
A. 0.5 mSv
B. 5 mSv
C. 50 mSv
D. 500 mSv
C. 50 mSv
Absorbed dose is defined as:
A. Rest mass of an electron but has a positive charge
B. Product of absorbed dose and QF
C. Ionizations per unit mass of air by photons
D. Energy absorbed per unit mass
D. Energy absorbed per unit mass
Exposure is defined as:
D. Energy absorbed per unit mass
B. Ionizations per unit mass of air by photons
An Alpha particle is best defined as:
A. Short range, relatively high mass, high LET particle
What is the recommended frequency of checking audio and video monitors in treatment rooms?
C. Daily
Quality improvement is specifically:
C.
Ongoing evaluation of all aspects of care for the purpose of determining areas where improvement is needed is known as:
A.
An assessment of an aspect of a plan of action by those with the same job title and responsibilities is known as:
A.
Which vessel returns lymph from the entire body back into the bloodstream, with the exception of the upper right limb and the right side of the thorax, head, and neck?
B.
The angle of the mandible is generally located at which vertebra number level?
B. C4
In the lower neck, the esophagus lies _________to the spinal cord and __________ to the trachea.
Anterior to the spinal cord and Posterior to the trachea
The ________ and ________ portions of the spine are examples of primary curves.
Thoracic & Pelvic
Which of the following steps and the radiation therapy process immediately proceeds the actual treatment of a patient?
A.
The second part of the two-step conventional simulation process is called:
Verification
A projection is defined as:
B.
The average linear attenuation coefficient per pixel is called:
C.
Contrast media may be given to patients with a brain tumor:
A. 10 minutes prior to scan
B: immediately before the scan
C: time does not matter
A.
If the in the field of view for CT scanning is larger using the same image matrix, the:
A.
CT artifacts created from motion during the scan are called:
A.
To increase contrast when viewing a DRR one would:
D. Narrow the window width
Which of the following will reduce image noise?
C. and C.
Percentage depth dose increases with increasing:
(can be more than one)
C. and C. Energy and field size
Tissue air ratio decreases with decreasing:
A. Field size
When blocking is used in a treatment calculation, the area of the collimator is used in determining:
B. Sc
Which of the following central axis depth dose quantities would most likely be used to compute an accurate monitor unit setting on an 18 MV unit for an isocentric treatment?
C.
Two parallel opposed equally weighted cobalt 60 fields are separated by 20 cm of tissue and treated with an SSD technique. The maximum dose will occur:
C.
A wedge filter ________ the output of the beam and thus must be taken into account in the treatment calculations.
A.
The Mayneord factor is used to convert:
a. PDD with a change in SSD from the standard
B. TAR with a change in SSD from the standard
C. Exposure rate with a change in SSD from standard
A.
Isodose distributions are ______ dimensional representations of the spatial distribution of dose.
C. Two
Wedged field isodose distributions are characterized by increased radiation intensity under the___________ of the wedge.
A. Heel
B. Toe
B. Toe
Use of parallel opposed fields only is contraindicated as beam energy __________ and patient thickness ___________.
B. decreases, increases
In treatment planning, when dose delivery parameters are computed based on target dose delivery and normal tissue avoidance criteria, the process is termed ___________ planning.
A. Inverse
The quality of DRR's can be improved by _______ the thickness of CT slices.
A. Increasing
B. Decreasing
B. Decreasing
true or false: a plan evaluation tool that simultaneously presents dose and volume information in a graphic form allowing objects is playing an assessment is the dose volume histogram
True
What is the predominant mode of electron beam interaction or scattering in the 1 to 20 MeV energy range used in radiation therapy?
B. Collisional
An advantage of the use of scattering foils in electron beam therapy is:
A.
If two electron beams adjoin or abut each other on the patient's skin surface, how does this affect the dose to the patient at depth below the point where the fields abut?
A. The dose at depth is increased
B. The dose at depth is decreased
C. There is no change to the dose at depth
A.
Which of the following is not an application of bolus for electron treatments?
D. eliminate skin sparing for low energy electrons
Wedge systems include of the following except:
C. global
Author
RadiationTherapy
ID
267292
Card Set
Washington & Leaver 1-27
Description
Washington & Leaver Chapter Review Questions:
Chapters 1-27
