Chapter 17 Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies

The sweet or fruity odor on the breath of a diabetic patient is caused by ____ in the blood.

The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:

Blood glucose levels are measured in:

Always suspect hypoglycemia in patients with an:

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include ____ or ____ behavior.

The patient in insulin shock is experiencing:

Insulin shock can develop more often and more severely in children than in adults due to their:

A person in insulin shock or diabetic coma may appear to be:

Do hemophilia A and B have the same signs and symptoms?

Can many adults control diabetes through diet alone?

Hematologic emergencies are ____ in most EMS systems.

The main function of the endocrine system is to maintain:

Diabetes affects about _% of the population.

Diabetes can have severe complications such as:

Hyperglycemia can result in ____ or ____.

Another name for glucose:

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes’ full name) means “____ ____,” which refers to the presence of wasted glucose in the urine.

Diabetes ____ is a rare condition involving excessive urination.  The hormone that regulates urinary fluid reabsorption is missing.

List of non–insulin-type oral medications stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin:

Normal glucose levels:

The classic symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes are as follows (the “3 Ps”):

Frequent, plentiful urination.

Frequent drinking to satisfy continuous thirst.

Excessive eating as the result of cellular hunger.

Ketones and fatty acids accumulate in blood and tissue (____) when fat is used for energy.

Diabetic ____ (DKA) is a form of acidosis seen in uncontrolled diabetes.

Six signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include:

Without proper fluid and insulin to reverse fat metabolism and restore glucose use for energy, ____ can progress to coma and death.

Type 2 diabetes more often results in:

Which onset is slower, more gradual?  HHNC or DKA?

With ____, sweet smell is not present on the breath because the body does not burn fat for energy.

With ____, the body tries to get rid of excess sugar through urine, causing dehydration.

If left untreated, hyperglycemia can result in:

____ ____ (diabetic coma) is a state of unconsciousness resulting from DKA, hyperglycemia, and/or dehydration due to excessive urination.

____ ____ (insulin shock) is the result of insufficient levels of glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia).

Hyperglycemic crisis is also known as:

Hypoglycemic crisis is also known as:

The condition is quickly reversed by giving the patient glucose.

Use gloves and eye protection at a minimum for ____ emergencies.

Rapid and deep respirations are ____ respirations.

Dry, warm skin:

Moist, pale skin:

If patient has eaten but not taken insulin, ____ is more likely.

If patient has taken insulin but not eaten, ____ is more likely.

Kussmaul respirations =

Seizures are more likely a sign of ____ crisis.

One tube of oral glucose gel contains one __-g dose.

The only contraindications for glucose gel are the inability to ____ and ____.

Red blood cells make up __% of male and __% of female blood volume.

People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that are oblong or sickle shaped, contain hemoglobin S, are poor oxygen carriers, and live for only __ days.

Sickle cell disease can result in:

____ ____ may lodge in small blood vessels or spleen, causing swelling, rupture, and ultimately death.

Normal red blood cells are round, contain hemoglobin _, and live ___ days.

There are four main types of sickle cell crises:

-Blood flow to organs becomes restricted causing pain, ischemia, and organ damage (lasts 5–7 days).
-Circulation to spleen is usually obstructed due to narrow vessels and function of removing damaged red blood cells.

-____ ____ is a worsening of a patient’s baseline anemia.
-Lack of circulating red blood cells in the body causes tachycardia, pallor, and fatigue
-May be caused by the parvovirus B19, which affects the production of new red blood cells, nearly stopping it for 2–3 days.

____ ____ is an acute, accelerated drop in hemoglobin level caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal and is common in patients with an enzyme deficiency.

____ ____ crisis is painful, acute enlargement of the spleen.  The abdomen becomes very hard and bloated.

The development of a blood clot, occurring in arterial or venous blood vessels.

The tendency to develop blood clots.

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots.

Two types of hemophilia:

Most common type of hemophilia with low levels of factor VIII:

Type of hemophilia with a deficiency of factor IX.

What level of glucose causes excess glucose to be excreted by the kidney?

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:
A. the pancreas produces excess insulin.
B. blood glucose levels rapidly fall.
C. insulin is not available in the body.
D. the cells rapidly metabolize glucose.