Chemistry Chapter 13 Vocab

the energy an object has because of its motion

a theory explaining the states of matter, based on the concept that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion

results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object; due to collisions of gas particles with the object

a space where no particles of matter exist

the pressure exerted by atoms and molecules in the atmosphere surrounding Earth, resulting from collisions of these particles with objects

an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

a unit of pressure; it is the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25°C

the SI unit of pressure

the conversion of a liquid to a gas or a vapor

vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid

the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa or 1 atm

the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0°C

a solid in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern called a crystal lattice

the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal

one of two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state; oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotropes of the element oxygen

describes a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure; denotes a random arrangement of atoms

transparent fusion product of inorganic materials that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing

the process in which a solid changes to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state

a graph showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor

the point on a phase diagram that represents the only set of conditions at which all three phases exist in equilibrium with one another