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Includes two cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon, the brainstem, and cerebellum.
Brain
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Connects the brain and spinal cord, allows for two-way communication between them.
Brainstem
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Provides two-way communication between the CNS and the PNS.
Spinal Cord
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Membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord; located between the bone and the soft tissues of the nervous system.
Meninges
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List the three layers of the meninges from the outside in.
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater
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Outermost layer of the meninges composed of tough, white, dense connective tissue, and blood vessels and nerves; has three partitions: the falx cerebelli, falx cerebri, and tentorium.
Dura Mater
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Channels in the dura mater through which blood flows from the brain to the heart vessels.
Dural Sinuses
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A band of pia mater that attaches the spinal cord to the dura mater.
Denticulate Ligament
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The space between the dural sheath and bony walls; contains blood vessels, loose connective tissue, and adipose tissue that pad the spinal cord.
Epidural Space
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Thin, web-like membrane that lacks blood vessels and is located between the dura and pia maters.
Arachnoid Mater
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Space between the arachnoid and pia maters that contains cerebrospinal fluid.
Subarachnoid Space
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Clear liquid in the subarachnoid space that helps maintain a stable ionic concentration in the CNS, protects the brain, and provides a pathway to the blood for waste.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
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The innermost layer of the meninges that is very thin and contains many nerves and blood vessels; attached to the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord.
Pia Mater
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Interconnected cavities in the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem filled with CSF; there are four of them, and they’re continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
Ventricles
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The two largest ventricles located in the cerebral hemispheres; the first is in the left hemisphere, and the second is in the right.
Lateral Ventricles
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The ventricle located in the midline of the brain beneath the corpus callosum.
Third Ventricle
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The ventricle is located in the brainstem just in front of the cerebellum.
Fourth Ventricle
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An opening through which the third ventricle communicates with the lateral ventricles.
Interventricular Foramen
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The connection between the third and fourth ventricles.
Cerebral Aqueduct
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Masses of specialized capillaries that form the pia mater and secrete CSF.
Choroid Plexuses
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CNS Neuroglia that form a layer covering the choroid plexus that regulate CSF composition by using facilitated diffusion to control the passage of substances between blood and CSF.
Ependyma Cells
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Tiny, fingerlike structures that project from the subarachnoid space into the blood-filled dural sinuses to reabsorb CSF into the blood.
Arachnoid Granulations
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Describe the 5 major functions of CSF.
1) Helps maintain a stable ionic concentration in the CNS. 2) Provides a pathway to the blood for wastes. 3) Protects the brain by absorbing damaging forces. 4) Provides info about the body’s internal environment. 5) Nutritive
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Describe the basic flow of CSF.
Arises in the large lateral ventricles, circulates into the third ventricle, fourth ventricle, central canal, enters the subarachnoid space, and is reabsorbed into the blood of the dural sinuses through arachnoid granulations
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