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The flashcards below were created by user
flying_this_fortress
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What is a twitch?
A quick cycle of contraction and relaxation
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What contraction involves a change in muscle tension, but not muscle length?
Isometric contraction (iso=same metric=length). ex. holding a book in your hand, then adding another book but not moving it.
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What contraction involves a change in muscle length, but not tension (weight on muscle)?
Isotonic contraction (iso=same tonic=tension)
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What are the two forms/directions of isotonic contractions?
- Concentric (muscle shortens) ex. arm curls
- Eccentric (muscle extends) ex. lowering arms
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Sources of ATP: What is Aerobic respiration?
With enough oxygen; glucose is converted into ATP
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Sources of ATP: What is Anaerobic respiration?
- Without enough oxygen, backup systems are used: Creatine phosphate contributes to conversion of ADP to ATP. Also oxygen is taken from myoglobin. These need to be replenished after exercise
- Stored ATP is also a source of ATP
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What are some reasons for muscle fatigue?
- ATP synthesis slows, ability of sodium-potassium pump to regulate RMP drops
- Lactic acid lowers pH of sarcoplasm
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What is maximum oxygen uptake?
The peak/plateau of a person’s oxygen consumption
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What are type one slow-twitch fibers?
- Fatigue resistant fibers, darker color
- Relies on aerobic respiration and has a long twitch
- Ex. postural muscles of back
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What are type two fast-twitch fibers?
- Paler appearance due to lack of capillaries and other nutrient-giving bodies
- Uses glycogen for energy and rapid ATP use.
- Ex. Calf muscles (though is a mix with slow-twitch)
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What is resistance training?
- Muscle contraction against a load
- Muscles synthesize more myofilaments, making muscles bigger
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What is endurance training?
Improves fatigue resistant muscles, makes slow twitch fibers make more mitochondria which means more ATP
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