Labor and Birth (Parturition)

The ___ in O₂ levels stimulates placenta and fetus to release _{____.}

The ___ in CO₂ levels stimulates placenta and fetus to release ____.

CRH stands for: ___ ___ ___

CRH stimulates fetal pituitary to release ____

CRH stimulates fetal adrenal gland to produce ___.

CRH intiates ____ (birth).

ACTH stimulates fetal adrenal gland to release ___.

CRH stimulates the ___ ___ to release ACTH.

CRH stimulates ___ ___ ___ to produce cortisol.

ACTH stimulates ___ ___ ___ to release cortisol.

Cortisol stimulates fetal lungs to produce ___ .

Surfactant is produced when cortisol stimulates the ___ ___.

hPGH stands for ___ ___ ___ ___.

hPL stands for ___ ___ ___.

hPGH and hPL promotes & regulates ____ growth.

hPGH and hPL regulates maternal and fetal ___ utilization.

Prolactin and hPL prepare mammary glands for ___ production.

Relaxin relaxes ___ ___.

Prolactin and hPL prepare ____ ____ for milk production.

Cortisol is important in promoting final ____ maturation in the ____ prior to birth.

release of ACTH from ____ pituitary induces fetal zone to release ____.

Cortisol flows back into the fetal zone hrough the ____ and ____ ____.

Cortisol release stimulates ___ lungs to produce surfactant.

Diagram of whatever the fuck is going on.

DHEAS is converted by placenta into ___.

Estriol level increases dramatically

Increases in estriol stimulates ___-___ contractions (false labor)

Increased estriol stimulates formation of ____ receptors on myometrium.

Increased estriol stimulates the release of oxytocin from ___and ___ ___ ___.

oxytocin (fetal ejection reflex) stimulates regular contractions of ___ (true labor).

Oxytocin stimulates placenta to release ___.

Prostaglandins soften ___ causing it to dilate.

Prostaglandins stimulate more vigorous ___ of myometrium.

Prostaglandins initiates a positive ____ loop (increases oxytocin and prostaglandin release).

Process of giving birth consists of ___ stages.

Dilation stage begins with onset of regular ___ contractions (<10 minutes apart)

Dilation stage ends when ___ is full dilated.

Cervix is fully dilated at ~___ inches

The ___ sac ruptures during the dilation stage.

Longest part of labor is ___ - ___ hours.

Expulsion stage begins when ___ is full dilated.

Expulsion stage ends with ___ of ____.

Contractions occur every ___ - ___ minutes.

During the expulsion stage there is an urge to ___.

Normal delivery is ___ first and face ___.

A feet first delivery is called a ___.

The ___ ___ is clamped and cut.

duration of expulsion stage is ~ ___ hour(s) in 1st birth; and ___ minutes in subsequent births.

___ is an injection of local anesthetic into epidural space of the spine in the lumbar region (L3/4 or L4/5) to numb the uterus.

Delivery through a surgical incision made through the abdominal and uterine walls is a ____ ____.

An incisioninto the perinium or skin between the vagina and anus is an ____.

The purpose of an episiotomy is to enlarge the ___ opening.

Expulsion of the placental and fetal membranes occurs during the ____ stage.

To prevent postpartum bleeding, all ___ must be removed.

____ (blood clot) separates placenta from uterine wall

The umbilical cord should contain ___ arteries and ___ vein.

Duration of the placental stage is ~___ minutes.

____ stage begins after expulsion of placenta.

___ returns to the pre-pregnancy form.

Uterine arteries ___ during the recovery stage.

The recovery stage last ___-___ hours.

Fraternal (dizygotic) twins occur when two 2dary ___ are fertilized b separate sperm

Fraternal twins are caused b genetic disposition for multiple ___.

____ twins occur when one 2dary oocytes fertilized b one sperm. (actual cause is unknown)

Identical twins occur in 3/____ births

___ twins are more common than ___ twins.