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Labor and Birth (Parturition)
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The ___ in O
2
levels stimulates placenta and fetus to release
____.
decrease: CRH
The ___ in CO
2
levels stimulates placenta and fetus to release ____.
increase: CRH
CRH stands for: ___ ___ ___
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
CRH stimulates fetal pituitary to release ____
ACTH
CRH stimulates fetal adrenal gland to produce ___.
cortisol.
CRH intiates ____ (birth).
Paturition
ACTH stimulates fetal adrenal gland to release ___.
cortisol.
CRH stimulates the ___ ___ to release ACTH.
fetal pituitary
CRH stimulates ___ ___ ___ to produce cortisol.
fetal adrenal gland
ACTH stimulates ___ ___ ___ to release cortisol.
fetal adrenal gland
Cortisol stimulates fetal lungs to produce ___ .
surfactant.
Surfactant is produced when cortisol stimulates the ___ ___.
fetal lungs.
hPGH stands for ___ ___ ___ ___.
human placental growth hormone.
hPL stands for ___ ___ ___.
human placental lactogen
hPGH and hPL promotes & regulates ____ growth.
fetal
hPGH and hPL regulates maternal and fetal ___ utilization.
energy
Prolactin and hPL prepare mammary glands for ___ production.
milk
Relaxin relaxes ___ ___.
pubic symphysis.
Prolactin and hPL prepare ____ ____ for milk production.
mammary glands
Cortisol is important in promoting final ____ maturation in the ____ prior to birth.
organ: fetus
release of ACTH from ____ pituitary induces fetal zone to release ____.
fetal; cortisol
Cortisol flows back into the fetal zone hrough the ____ and ____ ____.
placenta; umbilical chord.
Cortisol release stimulates ___ lungs to produce surfactant.
fetal
Diagram of whatever the fuck is going on.
DHEAS is converted by placenta into ___.
estriol.
Estriol level increases dramatically
Increases in estriol stimulates ___-___ contractions (false labor)
Braxton-Hicks
Increased estriol stimulates formation of ____ receptors on myometrium.
oxytocin
Increased estriol stimulates the release of oxytocin from ___and ___ ___ ___.
maternal and fetal posterior pituitary.
oxytocin (fetal ejection reflex) stimulates regular contractions of ___ (true labor).
myometrium
Oxytocin stimulates placenta to release ___.
prostaglandins.
Prostaglandins soften ___ causing it to dilate.
cervix
Prostaglandins stimulate more vigorous ___ of myometrium.
contractions.
Prostaglandins initiates a positive ____ loop (increases oxytocin and prostaglandin release).
feedback
Process of giving birth consists of ___ stages.
four
Dilation stage begins with onset of regular ___ contractions (<10 minutes apart)
uterine.
Dilation stage ends when ___ is full dilated.
cervix
Cervix is fully dilated at ~___ inches
4
The ___ sac ruptures during the dilation stage.
amniotic
Longest part of labor is ___ - ___ hours.
7-12
Expulsion stage begins when ___ is full dilated.
cervix
Expulsion stage ends with ___ of ____.
birth;infant
Contractions occur every ___ - ___ minutes.
2-3
During the expulsion stage there is an urge to ___.
push
Normal delivery is ___ first and face ___.
head; down
A feet first delivery is called a ___.
Breech
The ___ ___ is clamped and cut.
umbilical cord
duration of expulsion stage is ~ ___ hour(s) in 1st birth; and ___ minutes in subsequent births.
1; 20
___ is an injection of local anesthetic into epidural space of the spine in the lumbar region (L3/4 or L4/5) to numb the uterus.
Epidural
Delivery through a surgical incision made through the abdominal and uterine walls is a ____ ____.
cesarean section.
An incisioninto the perinium or skin between the vagina and anus is an ____.
episiotomy.
The purpose of an episiotomy is to enlarge the ___ opening.
vaginal
Expulsion of the placental and fetal membranes occurs during the ____ stage.
placental.
To prevent postpartum bleeding, all ___ must be removed.
fragments.
____ (blood clot) separates placenta from uterine wall
Hematoma
The umbilical cord should contain ___ arteries and ___ vein.
2;1
Duration of the placental stage is ~___ minutes.
15
____ stage begins after expulsion of placenta.
Recovery
___ returns to the pre-pregnancy form.
Uterus
Uterine arteries ___ during the recovery stage.
constrict
The recovery stage last ___-___ hours.
2-3
Fraternal (dizygotic) twins occur when two 2dary ___ are fertilized b separate sperm
oocytes
Fraternal twins are caused b genetic disposition for multiple ___.
ovulations
____ twins occur when one 2dary oocytes fertilized b one sperm. (actual cause is unknown)
Identical
Identical twins occur in 3/____ births
1000.
___ twins are more common than ___ twins.
Fraternal; identical
Author
BenWood
ID
268628
Card Set
Labor and Birth (Parturition)
Description
Chapter 11
Updated
3/31/2014, 7:18:41 PM
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