US History Exam II

* Ottawas, Hurons and other Indians besieged Detroit then a major British military outpost for intruding on Indian lands

* London issued proclamation prohibiting further colonial settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

* land now reserved for Indians and cannot be sold to individuals

* Brit gov wanted to avoid border conflicts

* George Washington ignored proclamation and ordered secret sales of Indian land

* Proclamation exacerbated settler-Indian relations

* Articles written by English Whigs (Country Party)

* Very popular in America

* Warning against constant tendency of political power to infringe upon liberty

* beware ambition, power, etc...leads to corruption * by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon

* shoemaker who fought against the French in Seven Year's War

* led riots opposing Stamp Tax

* arrested after Hutchinson's home was destroyed by riot

* released by Royal Nine; merchants and craftsman leading opposition

Parliament claims they represent everyone even those who do not vote

Parliament declares they have the right to make laws and statutes for the colonies

* member of Sons Rebellion

* involved in Boston Massacre

* voted for Independence for Massachusetts

* cousin for John Adams

* Charles Townshend; chancellor of Exchequer

* import tax on tea, paint, lead glass

* established Board of Customs Commissioners and colonial vice-admiralty courts

* repealed, except tax on tea

* advocate for independence

* felt Pennsylvania's constitution was too democratic

* forces Congress to send Olive Branch Petition

* lawyer from Pennsylvania

* Leader of Stamp Act protests

* Does not vote for independence in congress

* member of Sons of Liberty

* wealthiest member

* was President of Congress for a while during the Articles of Confederation

* Clash between British soldiers and Boston mob; 5 colonists were killed

* giving British soldiers stationed there a hard time

* Americans don't want to pay for the soldiers there

* Paul Revere calls it Massacre to circulate propaganda

* patriots leading opposition to the Stamp Tax

* Sam Adams

* British march into Concord to confiscate gun powder possessed by Americans

* Some 49 Americans were killed; 73 killed in Royal Army

* Considered the beginning of the revolution

* Paul Revere rode around and shouted that the regulars were coming out

* skirmish took place in Lexington first (accidental shooting) and again at Concord 

* petition to George III reaffirming Americans' loyalty to the crown

* hoped for "permanent reconciliation"

* wanted to return to the way before Stamp Act

* Sons of Liberty member

* exaggerates Boston Massacre for Porpaganda

* informs colonists of British Soldiers arrival at Concord

* British Governor of Virginia

* tries to recruit slaves to fight for the British

* written by Thomas Paine
----- writes for common readers
-----intellectual vernacular

* pamphlet supporting American independence

* attack on Constitution of England, hereditary rule and monarchical government

* helps tie French alliance

* diplomat from Pennsylvania sent to France as diplomat

* renaissance man who discovered electrical polarity

Why was the Stamp Act considered to be illegal? What methods did the Americans use to oppose the tax?   What was the result?

Why did Tea become a central issue in British-American relations? (3 parts) What happened?

What was the purpose of the “Coercive Acts?”  What did they stipulate?

Breed's Hill battle

British soldiers battle to capture the fort on hill

* Shows up in the Continental Congress/Association

* appointed to arrange the militia of Americans

* later, he would advocate for the prohibition of slavery

* First President of U.S.A.

* Member of Sons of Liberty

* advocate for Independence

* defended the British soldiers in the Boston Massacre

* Encourage Thomas Paine to write the Declaration of Independence

* Was vice-president during Washington's presidency

* Became second president of the United States after Washington

* member of the Sons of Liberty

* Became secretary of State during Washington's presidency

* Leader of Jeffersonians

* Became Vice-President during John Adams presidency

* Sir William Howe had pushed Washington's army across the East River

* Washington's army dwindled to less than 3000

* Washington restored morale by launching successful surprise attacks on Hessian soldiers at this town in New Jersey

* a series of measures approved by Congress during 1780s

* drafted by Thomas Jefferson

* established self-government for the West

* No slaves in the new states: Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio

* upstate New York

* Major defeat of British general John Burgoyne

* more than 5000 British troops at this town in New York

* the French allied with Americans to fight the British

* symbol of French ally; most trustworthy

* fought at Washington's side in War of Independence

* becomes general in American Army

* group that retained allegiance to the crown

* 20-25% of population belonged to this group

* most numerous in New York

* Mohawk Indian

* hoped to create an Indian confederacy lying between Canada and U.S.

* sided with British

General who led attack on Lord Charles Cornwallis (Brit commander in the South)

* British encampment in Virginia under Lord Cornwallis

* last big battle of the war

* Washington rushed his troops to block British escape by land (augmented by French troops led by Marquis de Lafayette)

* French fleet blocks entrance to the Chesapeake bay preventing Brit fleets from resupplying Cornwallis

* 85 essays that explain the constitution or message to encourage the public support

* Authors:  Hamilton, Madison, Jay

* Federalist #10 was most important: called for factions

according to the original constitution, this part of government gets to elect the president

Describe the governing document first used by the United States after declaring independence? What problems did it have?  Who supported it and why?

Explain the causes of Shay’s Rebellion and how it turned out?  What was the significance?

Explain the two major compromises necessary in order to achieve ratification of the Constitution.

Who were the authors of the Federalist Papers? What was their purpose? What problem was Federalist 10 meant to solve and how did it do that?

* started tax rebellion

* tax considered as repugnant to liberty

* Washing sent 13,000 militia to suppress rebellion

* won victory over the Indians

* called Fallen Timbers

* makes it safe for Americans to move to Ohio

* French envoy seeking support for French Revolution

* Washington administration recalled his effort and claimed to be neutral

* later stayed in American and married daughter of George Clinton

* John Jay negotiated an agreement in 1794: contained no British concessions on impressment nor the rights of American shipping

* treaty canceled the American-French alliance and recognize British economic and naval supremacy

* American diplomats are sent to France to negotiate a treaty to replace the old alliance

* French wanted to bribes before proceedings

* ran as vice-president with Jefferson's campaign for presidency

* ran as president in 1800; conflict with Jefferson's campaign when they tied

* House of Reps had no majority for either

* Hamilton intervened and supported Jefferson and tipped the balance

* Later, started a militia to form a new nation in the West from unclaimed land

* He killed Hamilton in a duel years later

* 1798: created animosity against the French due to Jay Treaty

* war at sea between ships

* general during Adams presidency

* wanted to keep rebels in form

* he dreams of empire

* allowed the deportation of persons from abroad deemed "dangerous" by federal authorities

* Alien Act--extended naturalization period from 5 to 14 years; president can deport aliens during war

* Sedition Act--prison terms for those who bring government into disrepute (false, seditious, scandalous speech)

* Jeffersonian
*Same ideals as T. Jefferson

* Judicial review case; to declare law unconstitutional
* under Justice John Marshall

Justice during the Marbury v. Madison case

*President Jefferson purchased the territory from France

*west of Mississippi all the way south to Mexico

* Republican campaign: Jefferson and Liberty

* Republicans had developed effective techniques for mobilizing voters

* constitutional crisis between two running mates tied for presidency

Describe the political agenda of the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans (Jeffersonians)