-
blood pressure within the arterial system. Blood flow
is positively affected by arterial pressure;
any factor decreasing arterial
blood pressure decreases arterial blood
flow
arterial blood pressure
-
represents the average arterial pressure
during the cardiac cycle
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
-
The pressure created by the volume
of fluid returning to the right atrium and ventricle is a measure of right
ventricular function and is often
used as a guide to overall fluid
management
central venous pressure (CVP)
-
This is the amount of blood pumped
out of the ventricles by each beat or
stroke of the heart.
STROKE VOLUME
-
The volume of blood pumped by the
left ventricle per minute is determined
by multiplying stroke volume and
heart rate.
cardiac output
-
This calculated value is comprised
of the cardiac output divided by body
surface area.
cardiac index
-
indications for monitoring intra-arterial BP
- indicated for any condition
- in which cardiac output, tissue perfusion,
- or fluid volume status may be
- compromised.
-
3 types of shock & describe
- hypovolemic: inadequate fluid in the intravascular space
- cardiogenic: heart fails to pump blood effectively
- septic shock: microorganisms have invaded the body
-
TPN: total calories for normal, min & max
- 25-35 kcal/kg
- min: 10 kcal/kg (for morbid obesity)
- max: 45-55 (severe malnutrition)
-
TPN: total protein for normal, min & max
- 0.8-1.5 g/kg (but hospitalized pts usually need 1.5-2.0 g/kg, & critically ill pts who are receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis may need up to 2.0 g/kg)
- min: .8
- max: 2.5
-
TPN: total fat for normal, min & max
- 25-30% of kcal
- min: 10% as commercial IV fat emulsion
- max: 30%
-
TPN: total fluid needs for normal, min & max
- 30-40 mL/kg
- min: as per compatiblity/osmolarity guidelines
- max: variable depending upon fluid losses
|
|
