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immovable joint in the skull and pelvic girdle
Fibrous joint
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slightly moveable joint containing cartilage between the pubis bones
cartilagenous joint
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moveable joint containing fluid
synovial joint
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type of synovial joint that can move in any direction, hip and shoulder joints
ball and socket
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synovial joint of the thumb
saddle
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synovial joint of the knuckles
condyloid/ellipsoidal
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synovial joint that can move only along one plane in the elbow and knee
hinge
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synovial joint that produces a rotating/twisting movement at the radioulnar joint
pivot
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synovial joint of the wrist
gliding/plane
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made of dense connective tissue and connects bone to bone
ligament
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made of dense connective tissue and connects bone to muscle
tendon
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a connective tissue used for cushioning, protection between bones of cartilagenous and synovial joints
cartilage
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tool that measures range of motion of a joint
goniometer
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tool that measures grip strength
dynamometer
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tool that measures blood pressure
sphygmomonometer
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tool that can listen for heart rate
stethoscope
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movement away from the midline of the body
abduction
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bending the foot in the direction of the sole (pointing your toes)
plantar flexion
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moving a bone around its own axis
rotation
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increasing the angle of a hinge joint
extension
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distal end of a bone moves in a circle and proximal end remains in one place
circumduction
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decreasing the angle of a hinge joint
flexion
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movement toward the midline of the body
adduction
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bending the foot up, toes toward the knee
dorsiflexion
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type of muscle tissue that contains striations and is involuntarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Found in the heart.
cardiac
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type of muscle tissue without striations that is involuntarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system and can be found in the blood vessels, diaphragm, digestive system, urinary and reproductive system.
smooth
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type of muscle tissue that contains striations and is voluntarily controlled by the somatic nervous system and can be found in the muscular system
skeletal
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an individual muscle cell
fiber
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bundle of muscle fibers
fascicle
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connective tissue lining on the outside of one skeletal muscle that is continuous with the tendon
epimysium
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connective tissue lining around the outside of a fascicle
perimysium
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connective tissue lining inside the muscle around each individual muscle fiber
endomysium
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the name of the thick myofilament that has heads to pull during the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction
myosin
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the name of the thin myofilament (protein) that slides in during the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction
actin
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the name of the two proteins that block myosin and actin from binding in the absence of calcium
troponin and tropomyosin
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the contractile unit of a muscle fiber
sarcomere
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a condition that occurs shortly after death due to the deterioration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the permanent binding of calcium to the troponin/tropomyosin complex
rigor mortis
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as tibialis anterior, frontalis, temporalis
bone location
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as sternocleidomastoid, brachioradialis
origin and insertion points
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as trapezius, rhomboid major and minor, deltoid
shape of muscle
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
size of muscle
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as biceps brachii and triceps brachii
number of connection points to bone
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as rectus and transverse abdominis, orbicularis oculi and oris
direction of muscle fibers
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Muscle rule for naming muscles such as flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum longus
function of muscle
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chamber of the heart that receives low oxygen blood from systemic circulation through the vena cava
right atrium
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chamber of the heart that sends low oxygen blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries
right ventricle
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chamber of the heart that receives high oxygen blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
left atrium
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chamber of the heart that sends high oxygen blood to systemic circulation through the aorta
left ventricle
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valve between the right atrium and ventricle that prevents backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
tricuspid / right atrioventricular (AV) valve
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valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
bicusip/mitral / left atrioventricular valve
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valve leaving the right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
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valve leaving the left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
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blood vessel with a thick smooth muscle wall that carries blood away from the heart
artery
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blood vessel that contains valves and carries blood toward the heart
vein
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thinnest walled blood vessel that allows for gas and nutrient exchange between blood and body tissue (lungs, muscles, etc.)
capillary
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condition caused by weakened leaky valves and blood backing up
vericose veins
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calculation that measures the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute, found by multiplying the heart rate (pulse) by the stroke volume (amount of blood pumped out in one contraction)
cardiac output
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a measurement of the pressure that the blood exerts on the arteries when the heart is contracting, normal is around 120
systolic blood pressure
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a measurement of the pressure that the blood exerts on the arteries when the heart is relaxed, normal is 80
diastolic blood pressure
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condition caused by smoking which weakens the blood vessel walls and causes plaque build up in the arteries, could lead to amputation
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
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measurement that compares the systolic blood pressures of the brachial, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries to diagnose peripheral artery disease
ankle-brachial index (ABI)
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muscle energy system that uses stored energy in the first 10 seconds of exercise
phosphagen system - creatine phosphate
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muscle energy system used in the first 90 seconds of exercise that does not use oxygen
anaerobic glycolysis-glycogen/lactic acid system
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most efficient muscle energy system that uses oxygen
aerobic cellular respiration - Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
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division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord
central
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division of the nervous system that includes the cranial and spinal nerves
peripheral
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division of the peripheral nervous system that voluntarily controls skeletal muscles
somatic
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division of the peripheral nervous system that involuntarily controls the endocrine glands, smooth and cardiac muscle
autonomic
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for "fight or flight" responses
sympathetic
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that controls "rest and digest" functions
parasymphathetic
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can be caused by energy depletion, prolonged or repetitive use of a muscle group or reduced nerve signal
muscle fatigue
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know the locations of the following arteries
- subclavian
- brachial
- radial
- femoral
- ulnar
- digital
- carotid
- renal
- iliac
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know the location of the following veins
- subclavian
- cephalic
- basilic
- renal
- femoral
- posterior tibial
- internal jugular
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know the location of the following nerves
- spinal cord
- brachial plexus
- lumbar plexus
- sacral plexus
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know the location of the following muscles
- biceps brachii
- triceps brachii
- pectoralis major
- brachioradialis
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place where two or more bones meet
joint
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arteries that feed the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients, the arteries that can cause a heart attack if blocked
coronary arteries
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the human body system that powers and athlete through exercise by absorbing glucose through the small intestine and releasing stored glucose from the liver
digestive
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the human body system that helps in exercise by bringing in a steady supply of oxygen needed to combust glucose
respiratory
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the human body system that helps with exercise by carrying oxygen and glucose to the cells to be converted into energy within the mitochondria
cardiovascular / ciculatory
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