Community Disease stack 3

• unprotected sex with someone with HIV
• Sharing needles, syringes, rinse water, or other equipment with someone with HIV

Asymptomatic by itself

• antibody screening tests: antibodies for HIV
• RNA testing

None

Yes, within 7 days

• tell partner or partners to prevent spread and encourage testing
• don't share needles and be careful when it comes to contact with any body fluids
• abstinence is the best way to prevent the spread of HIV
• You are immunosuppressed so avoid contracting acute illnesses

Inhalation of anthrax spores

fever, chills, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, confusion, dizziness, cough, nausea and vomiting, stomach pains, headache, sweats, fatigue, body aches

One day to 2 months

blood, spinal fluid, or respiratory secretion sample for presence of Bacillus anthracis and/or antibodies or toxins

IV antibiotics and antitoxin

Yes, but no available to the general public

Yes

• Can be spread through contact with wild and domestic grazing animals
• if signs and symptoms of anthrax poisoning occur or if exposure is suspected immediate medical assistance is recommended
• Level B or C protective ensemble should be worn until threat has subsided

• Air droplets of a cough or sneeze
• Direct contact from an infected person

cough, fatigue, runny nose, "pink eye", rash, white spots in mouth

One to two weeks

serum testing through heel/finger stick

• Isolation
• Reduce fever
• Encourage plenty of fluids and rest

yes

Yes within 24 hours

• Contagious 4 days before and after rash onset
• Immunization is best preventive measurement

droplet and direct contact with infected saliva

• 50% asymptomatic 
• Classic S&S: fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, anorexia, respiratory symptoms, unilateral or bilateral swollen and tender salivary glands (parotitis)
• Can result in hearing loss, meningitis, swelling of the testes or ovaries, and rarely, death

16-18 post infection

• Symptoms, blood draw
• oral or buccal swab or urine sample to test for mumps RNA

supportive in nature

Yes

Yes

• Masks worn while in contact
• Highly contagious 
• do not share food or drinks, practice good hygiene, regularly clean surfaces, and avoid close contact
• Vaccine doesn't indicate immunity

contact with infected person through coughing and sneezing

• Children: rash, fever, sore throat
• Older children and adults: low fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, upper respiratory symptoms before the rash, arthralgia and arthritis (adults)

positive viral culture or serum positive with antibody titer or serum rubella IgM

Isolation and supportive

yes

yes

Should be vaccinated especially potential mothers due to birth defects

bite of infected ticks which needs to be attached for 36-48 hours

• erythema migrans (bulls-eye rash), Bells palsy, severe headache, neck stiffness due to meningitis, pain and swelling in the large joints, shooting pains, heart palpitations, and dizziness 
• arthritis and short term problems

3-30 days with the rash being the first sign

Lab tests for antibodies (EIA and IFA) and then a Western blot (immunoblot test)

• antibiotics: doxycycline, amoxicillina, and cefuroxine axetil
• if cardiac or neurologic forms are present: penicillin and celftriaxone IV

No

Mandatory within 7 days

• avoid tick-infested habitats
• use repellants, protective clothing, and regularly check for attached ticks
• remove a tick promptly 
• repellant needs to be reapplied every 1-2 hours

flea bites, contact with infected tissue or infectious droplets

fever, chills, weakness, buboes, pneumonia, abdominal pain, bleeding, or shock

sudden

blood or tissue samples of sudden painful lymph nodes (Bubo)

antibiotics

No

Yes, immediately

• Report fever or illness that is followed by rodent, cat, or flea bites
• Protect pets from fleas
• wear gloves if handling infected animals