PTCB Study Guide

group purchasing org = negotiates prices for hospitals and institutions but does not make the actual purchase for institution

purchase from drug manufacturers = allows pharmacies to purchase in bulk = savings

purchase from wholesalers = stocks meds from all manuf, pharmacies able to purchase when needed

government = requires pharmacies to use dea form 222 to purchase schedule II's

just in time ordering = ordering b4 running out, shipped immediately

point of sale = deducted as dispensed & automatically reordered

purchase order = form used to order drugs/supplies from wholesaler

a dosage form is a system/device for delivering a drug to a biologic system

solids advantages:
easy to pkg, transport, store & dispense
convenient for self-medication, lack smell/taste, stable, predivided dosage, suited for sr or dr meds

solid dosage forms
tablets: compressed or molded
capsules: drug in gelatin shell & dissolves in 10 to 20 min, solid or liquid, spheric or ovoid, produced manually or punch method
effervescent salts: granules or powders
implants or pellets: under skin thru injection for long periods
lozenges, troches or pastilles: solid w/flavoring & dissolves
pellets: cylinders implanted subcutaneously
plasters: adhere 2/skin
powders: ground substance used internally/externally
suppositories: solid, inserted in orifices

liquids advantages:
*effective more quickly
*convenience of administration
*uniformity & flexibility
doesn't cause GI distress like solids

Disadvantages of liquids
deterioration & loss of potency
may need sweetening or flavoring
incompatibilities of dissolved subs
may require preservatives
inaccurate patient measuring
bulkier
interactions

solutions: solute dissolved in a solvent
aromatic waters
collodion: topical, contains pyroxylin, dissolved in alcohol/ether
elixir: clear, sweet, flavored, contains water & alcohol
enema: rectally for cleansing/drug admin
extract: ingredients r/removed from source thru t/solvents
douche: irrigating/bathing solution
isotonic: =same tone/osmolarity of another substance, no loss/gain of water
liniments: alcoholic/oleaginous solutions/emulsions applied thru rubbing
spirits: alcoholic/hydroalcoholic contain volatile aromatic ingredients
syrups: aqueous contains sucrose or its substitutes
tinctures: alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions/pure chemicals/extracts