Rod shaped structures that contain heredity traits
chromosomes
units of heredity info located on chromosomes
genes (vs. jeans)
father of genetics
Mendel
what country Mendel was from
Austria
year when mendal was born
1822
mendel's "job"
math teacher
garden plant mendel used in research
garden pea (not pee) plant
are peas self or cross pollinating (trick answer)
both
another name for reproductive cells
Gametes
the first individuals in a genetic cross are called this generation
P1 (papa 1?)
what area did mendel apply to his math problems?
probability
the results of the parental cross are called
F1 - first Filial
crossing the F1 offspring results is the
F2 - second Filial
What mendel called "factors", we call
genes (not jeans)
what ratio do we get in a onohybrid cross between 2 hybrids?
3:1 phenotype
the gene that hides the other gene
dominant
the gene that is hidden BY the other gene
recessive
the "stronger" gene
dominant
the "weaker" gene
recessive
yellow is dominant to green. what is used to symbolize yellow?
y
Yellow is dominant to green. What is used to symbolize green?
y Achondroplasia (dwarfism)
write the genotype for heterozygous yellow
Yy
write the genotype for green
yy
write the genotype for hybrid yellow
Yy
write the genotype for pure yellow
YY
write the genotype for homozygous yellow
YY
write the genotype for homozygous recessive
yy
True or false. Y and y are alleles of one another
True
when both letters are the same, we cal it
Homozygous
another name for homozygous is
Purebred/Pure
when the letters are different, we call it
Heterozygous
another name for heterozygous is
Hybrid
mendel's principle that says "members of each pair of genes separate "
law of segregation
mendel's principle that says "2 or more pairs of genes separate independently"
law of independent assortment
during what biological process does segregation happen?
Meiosis
how many traits did mendel observe in peas
7
either member of a pair of genes is called a/an
allele
the actual genes shown in a cross
genotype
what trait the genes code fore (the physical description) and is expressed in an organism
phenotype
the genotype for black if black is dominant to white
BB or Bb
the genotype for white
bb
the likelihood of an event happening is called
probability
why are human genetics difficult to study
too hard to control, life expediencies too long, not enough offspring
(God was super creative with making various types - including gingers)
a record that shows how a trait has been inherited over time in a family
pedigree
the kind of twins most often used in genetic studies
identical
two most common blood types
O and A(I'm an O)
least common blood type
AB
the recessive blood type
o
type of blood produced by parents that are o and homozygous A
A
heophilia is sex-linked and recessive. what's the genotype of a carrier female
XH Xh
what does the root word "hemo" stand for
blood
sex-linked disorders affect mostly which gender
males
give an example of a sex influenced trait
Men: crabby
real answer: baldness
a genetic disorder that causes death is called
bad luck
real answer: lethal
a picture of chromosomes is called
unattractive
real answer: Karyotype
are sex chromosomes needed to do sex influenced problems?
no
prenatal genetic test of the amniotic fluid
amniocentesis
(I did this with both you and Zoe)
they thought there was something seriously wrong with you until this test. They didn't test for brattiness)
prenatal test using high frequency sound to see the baby
Ultrasound
(did this too. You had a huge
head)
symbol for a male on a pedigree
square (as in boring)
symbol for a female on a pedigree
circle (eternally awesome)
symbol for a still born on a pedigree
+
what is the genotype of an individual with a darkened square (not sex linked) on a pedigree (use any letter)
bb (butter bean)
the male sex chromosomes
xy
the female sex chromosomes
xx
when a trait has more than 3 allesles it is said to have
multiple alleles
traits that are influenced by many genes (hair color) are called
polygenic traits
which genetic disorder has symptoms of irritability, loss of memory, brain deterioration, etc., but doesn't show up until around age 40
Huntington's Disease
which genetic disorder is most common in african americans and deals with mis-shapen red blood cells?
sickle-cell anemia
which disorder is most common in caucasians (hint: symptoms include build up of mucus, difficulty breathing, life expectancy of around 30 years
Cystic Fibrosis
this is the benefit cause of River Rock Music Festival and now the life expectancy is more than 30 years...it is now early 40's.
what are 2 disorders we talked about that are caused by dominant alleles
Huntington's & achondroplasia (dwarfism)
which disorder are all babies in the US routinely screened for?
PKU
which genetic disorder is sex linked and recessive and may lead to people bleeding to death
hemophilia
which genetic disorder is sex linked and recessive dealing with progressive degeneration of muscles and coordination. seen in infants, has them wheel chair bound by age 12 and usually dying by their 20's
