Social Psych 3-4

A mental shortcut through which people begin with a rough estimation as a starting point and then adjust this estimate to take into account unique characteristics of the present situation

Theories designed to explain how people determine the causes of behavior

The judgmental rule that states that if an event occurs despite the presence of strong opposing forces, we should give more weight to those possible causes that lead toward the event

A mental shortcut people use to estimate the likelihood of an event by the case with which instances of that event come to mind

A mental shortcut used to make a judgment

The tendency for observers to overestimate the causal influence of personality factors on behavior and to underestimate the causal role of situational influences

The theory that proposes that people determine whether a behavior corresponds to an actor's internal disposition by asking whether (1) the behavior was intended, (2) the behavior's  consequences were foreseeable, (3) the behavior was freely chose, and (4) the behavior occurred despite countervailing forces

The theory that proposes that people determine the cause of an actor's behavior by assessing whether other people act in similar ways (consensus), the actor behaves similarly in similar situations (distinctiveness), and the actor behaves similarly across time in the same situation (consistency)

The judgmental rule that states that as the number of possible causes for an event increases, our confidence that any particular cause is the true one should decrease.

The judgment that a person's behavior has been caused by an aspect of that person's personality

The process of comparing ourselves with those who are less well off

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others agree with us

A mental shortcut people use to classify something as belonging to a certain category to the extent that it is similar to a typical case from that category

When an initially inaccurate expectation leads to actions that cause the expectation to come true

The tendency to take personal credit for out successes and to blame external factors for out failures

The process of thinking about and making sense of oneself and others

The process of comparing ourselves with those who are better off

The process of associating ourselves with successful, high-status others or events

The popular term for nonverbal behaviors like facial expressions, posture, body orientation, and hand gestures

The desire to perform effectively

The process of distancing ourselves from unsuccessful, low status others or events

The perspective that much of social interaction can be thought of as a play, with actors, performances, settings, scripts, props, roles, and so forth

An attempt to get others to like us

A situation in which a person needs to present different images to different audiences, often at the same time

The tendency to have chronic awareness of oneself as being in the public eye

The behavior of withdrawing effort or creating obstacles to one's future successes

The tendency to be chronically concerned with one's public image and to adjust one's actions to fir the needs of the current situation

The process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us; synonymous with impression management

An attempt to get others to see us as competent

The tendency to feel tense, worried, or awkward in novel social situations and with unfamiliar people

The fear people experience while doubting that they'll be able to create a desired impression

A favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a particular thing

Heider's Theory that people prefer harmony and consistency in their views of the world

The way people are persuaded when they focus on the quality of the arguments in a message

The unpleasant state of psychological arousal resulting from an inconsistency within one;s important attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

A theory that locates the most direct cause of persuasion in the self talk of the persuasion target

The principle that people will change their attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and actions to make them consistent with each other

An argument that challenges and opposes other arguments

A behavior that is inconsistent with an existing attitude

A model that accounts for the two basic ways that attitude change occurs with and without much thought

A model of persuasive communication that golds that there are two routes to attitude change - the central route and the peripheral route

The motivation to achieve approval by making a good impression on others

A technique for increasing individuals resistance to a strong argument by first giving them weak, easily defeated versions of it

The tendency to enjot and engage in deliberative thought

Measurement that does not change a subject's responses while recording them

The way people are persuaded when they focus on factors other than the quality of the arguments in a message, such as the number of arguments

Change in a private attitude or belief as a result of receiving a message

The conflict one feels about a decision that could possibly be wrong

A theory stating that the best predictor of a behacior is one's behavioral intention. which is influenced by one's attitude toward the specific behavior, the subjective norms regarding the behavior, and one's perceived control over the behavior