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Peter Sandford
- In the 1920's he administred IQ tests to those who wanted to immigrate to Canada
- He did not want defectives into the country
- However, it is concluded that race/ethnicity has NOTHING to with IQ
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Prejudice
An attitude that judges a person in his/her groups real or imagined characteristics
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Discrimination
Unfair treatment of people of a certain group
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Race and Sports
- Blacks are not actually better at sports than whites
- Sports are a tool to improve socio-economic standing
- other avenues of upward mobility tend to be blocked
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Racial Mixing
- High levels of genetic mixing has taken place among many people
- It is uncommon to be "purely one race"
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Sociological Definition of Race
- race is an important sociological concept due to the perceptions
- Racial distinction are social constructs, not a biological given
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Race
Social construct used to distinguish people in terms of one or more physical markers
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Scapegoat
Disadvantaged person or category of people whom others blame for their own problems
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Why do sociologoists believe race matters?
Allows social inequality to be created
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Ethnic Group
comprises people whose culutural markers are socially significant
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John Porter
Called Canada in the mid-twentieth century a vertical mosaic
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Vertical mosaic
Highly ethnically and racially stratified society
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Resourced and Opportunities
In determining the economic success of an ethnic/racial group is the resources people possess(education, money etc)
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race and ethnic inequality are more deeply rooted in...
social structure than biology and culture
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Labels and Identity
- Shift in racial or ethnic identity is common
- If social context changed then negotiation of self changes too
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Imposition vs. Choice
- Idea that race and ethnicity is socially constructed does not mean that everyone can choose their racial/ethnic identity freely
- Whites have the most freedom
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Symbolic Ethnicity
A nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generation, or old country, that is not usually incorporated in every day behaviour
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Racism
belief that a visible characteristic of a group (skin color) indicated group inferiority and justifies discrimination
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Institutional Racism
Bias that is inherent in social institutions and not noticed by the majority group
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Colonialism
involved people from one country invading and taking political, cultural, and economic control over people from another country
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Internal colonialism
- Involves one race or ethnic group subjugating another in the same country
- Prevents assimilation in terms of jobs, housing, and social contacts
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Expulsion
The forcible removal of a population from a territory claimed by another population
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Genocide
International extermination of a particular race
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Conquest
Forcible capture of land and econmoic and political domination of its inhabitants
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Modernization of Quebed state failed to resolve four issues:
- 1. Potential demographic decline of the Quebecois
- 2. Assimilation of immigrants into English culture
- 3. Persistent ethnic stratification
- 4. Continued use of English as the language of private industry
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Slavery
Ownership and control of people
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Split-labour market
Low wage workers of one race and high-wage workers of another compete for the same job
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Some advantages of ethnicity
- create inequality and bind group members together
- Ethnic communities remain vibrant in Canada because immigration continues at a rapid pace (3rd Country with most immigrants)
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3 main factors enhanxce the value of continued ethnic group membership:
- 1. Ethnic group membership can have economic disadvantages
- 2. Ethnnic group membership can be politically useful
- 3. Ethnic group membership continues to persist because of the emotional support it provides.
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Transnational Communities
Communities whose boundaries exist betwenn or among countries
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Pluralism
retention of racial and ethnic culture combined with equal access to basic social resources
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Future of race & ethnicity in Canada
 - We are a society pased on assimilation, pluralism, and segregation
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Employment Equity
Policy that gives preference to minority group members if equally qualified people are available for a position
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