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NurseJoy
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B Cells
- Produce antibodies
- made in the bone marrow
- finds antigens, clones its self, then squirts out antibodies
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T cells
- made in bone marrow
- trained in the thymus
- grabs onto the foreign antigen
- does not squirt out antibodies
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Antigens
cause the body to produce antibodies or highly specialized T cells
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1st level immune response
- skin
- mucus membranes
- non specific
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2nd level immune response
- protien
- cell wall based responses
- non specific
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3rd level immune response
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antibodies
immunoglobulins
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IgG
- The most of
- cross walls of blood vessels and enter tissue
- in breast milk and placenta
- indicative of a previous exposure to an antigen
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IgM
- The biggest
- first to appear
- remain in blood-do not enter surrounding tissue
- indicative of current exposure to an antigen
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IgA
- Found in body secretions
- to prevent the attachement of pathogens
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IgE
high levels of alleric reaction or gastrointestinal parasite
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Primary response
- initial contact
- no detectable antibodies for several days
- slow rise in titer
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Secondary response
- memory or anamnestic
- this is the response after second exposure
- it is more rapid and intense because of the memory B cells from the primary response
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mouse antibodies
monoclonal antibodies
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Active immunity
exposure to a foreign antigen results in production of antibodies
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Passive immunity
antibodies are transferred from one organism to another
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Naturally acquired active immunity
- Developed during life
- chicken pox
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Naturally acquired passive immunity
From mother to infant
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Artificially Acquire active immunity
- Vaccination
- giving your body the actual disease but a version that can't hurt you so you body makes it's own antibodies
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artificially acquired passive immunity
- injection of antibodies into the body
- short lived 2 to 3 months
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attenuated
viable-alive-but harmless
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DTP
- diphtheria
- tetanus
- Partessus
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Herd Immunity
if everyone has it the few who can't get the vaccine are fine
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Mother is Rh neg
- Baby is RH positive because of RH positive father
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cyclosporine
given to transplant patients to keep their bodies from rejecting the organ
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pregnancy tests work because of
HCG
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AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
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HIV
Human Immunodeficiency virus
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Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
- Body should send IgM but sends IgE
- like bees or wasps or hay fever or allergies
- antibodies
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Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions
- from transfusions
- cytotoxic
- antibodies
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Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions
- small clumps of antigens and antibodies that settle into the basement membrane and cause inflammation
- antibodies
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Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions
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genotypic methods
- chlamydia
- Nisseria gonorrhea
- have to use PCR to increase amount of DNA
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Titer
concentration of serum antibodies
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ELISA
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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