Chapter 22 Trauma Overview

For people younger than age __ years, traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death in the United States.

Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries.

Force acting over a distance.

The work of a moving object is called:

The product of mass (weight), force of gravity, and height; it is mostly associated with the energy of falling objects.

Traumatic injuries can be divided into two separate categories:

A crash typically consists of three collisions:

Four significant MOIs in a vehicular collision include:

Children shorter than __ should ride in the rear seat.

Rear-end collisions are known to cause ____-type injuries, particularly in absence of an appropriately placed headrest.

Approximately 25% of all severe injuries to the aorta that occur in motor vehicle crashes are a result of ____ collisions.

The most common life-threatening event in a rollover is ____ or partial ____ of the passenger from the vehicle.

Three things you should determine in a car versus pedestrian accident:

Five things you should determine in a car versus pedestrian accident:

A fall from more than __ feet or _ times the patient’s height is considered significant.

Take the following three factors into account when evaluating a fall:

____ trauma is the second leading cause of trauma death in the United States after blunt trauma.

____ cavitation is caused by the acceleration of the bullet and causes a stretching of the tissues.

____ cavitation is caused by the bullet path and remains once the projectile has passed through the tissue.

Air resistance, often referred to as ____, slows the projectile, decreasing the depth of penetration and thus reducing damage to the tissues.

Four types of blast injury:

____ blast injuries are due entirely to the blast itself.

In ____ blast injuries, damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris.

In ____ blast injuries, the victim is hurled by the force of the explosion, sometimes against a stationary object.

Three types of miscellaneous blast injuries:

Organs that contain ____, such as the middle ear, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, are the most susceptible to pressure changes.

The ____ is most sensitive to blast injuries.

The tympanic membrane evolved to detect minor changes in pressure and will rupture at pressures of:

Two common pulmonary injuries in blast injuries:

One of the most concerning pulmonary blast injuries is ____ ____ ____, which occurs on alveolar disruption with subsequent air embolization into the pulmonary vasculature.

Arterial air embolism as a result of a blast can produce these four things:

____ injuries and head trauma are the most common causes of death from blast injuries.

DCAP-BTLS stands for:

On-scene time for critically injured patients should be less than:

Trauma centers are categorized as either ____ trauma centers or ____ trauma centers, but not necessarily both.

Medium-velocity penetrating injuries may be caused by a:
A. knife
B. handgun
C. sling-shot
D. military assault rifle

Airbags decrease injury to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. chest
B. heart
C. face
D. head

"For every reaction, there is an equal and opposite reaction" is Newton's ____ law.

Patients suffering form an open would to the neck may suffer from all of the following EXCEPT:
A. subcutaneous crepitation
B. tension pneumothorax
C. significant bleeding
D. air emolism

True or false.  Work is defined as force acting over distance.

A scoring system used for patients with head trauma.

During a rollover, which of the following can cause life-threatening injuries to a passenger?
A. ejection or partial ejection
B. the car striking several objects during the rollover
C. unrestrained objects inside the car
D. all of the above

Which of the following would not be considered a significant mechanism of injury?
A. death of an occupant in a vehicle
B. severe damage to a vehicle
C. patient with altered mental status
D. entrapment

When treating the victim of a bicycle accident, you should suspect head and spine injuries if:
A. the patient's helmet is damaged
B. the bicycle is damaged
C. the patient fell onto a hard surface
D. the patient is crying

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?
A. multiple rib fractures
B. head injury
C. cardiac contusion
D. pulmonary contusion

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:
A. stabilize her entire spine.
B. obtain baseline vital signs.
C. leave her bicycle helmet on.
D. inspect the helmet for cracks.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:
A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact.
B. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash.
C. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.
D. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact.

Three aspects of the Glascow Coma Scale:

What is the number range for the Glascow Coma Scale?

List the eyes for GCS:

List the verbal for GCS:

List the motor for GCS: