For people younger than age __ years, traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death in the United States.
40
Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries.
index of suspicion
Force acting over a distance.
Work
The work of a moving object is called:
kinetic energy.
The product of mass (weight), force of gravity, and height; it is mostly associated with the energy of falling objects.
Potential energy
Traumatic injuries can be divided into two separate categories:
blunt trauma
penetrating trauma
A crash typically consists of three collisions:
Car against another car, tree, or object
Passenger against the interior of the car
Passenger’s internal organs against the solid structures of the body
Four significant MOIs in a vehicular collision include:
Death of an occupant in the vehicle
Severe deformity of vehicle or intrusion into vehicle
Altered mental status
Ejection from the vehicle
Children shorter than __ should ride in the rear seat.
4'9″
Rear-end collisions are known to cause ____-type injuries, particularly in absence of an appropriately placed headrest.
whiplash
Approximately 25% of all severe injuries to the aorta that occur in motor vehicle crashes are a result of ____ collisions.
lateral
The most common life-threatening event in a rollover is ____ or partial ____ of the passenger from the vehicle.
ejection
Three things you should determine in a car versus pedestrian accident:
Speed of the vehicle
Whether the patient was thrown through the air and at what distance
Whether the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle
Five things you should determine in a car versus pedestrian accident:
Speed of the vehicle
Whether the patient was thrown through the air and at what distance
Whether the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle
Also evaluate the damage to, and position of, the bicycle
If the patient was wearing a helmet, inspect it for damage
A fall from more than __ feet or _ times the patient’s height is considered significant.
15
3
Take the following three factors into account when evaluating a fall:
The height of the fall
The type of surface struck
The part of the body that hit first, followed by the path of energy displacement
____ trauma is the second leading cause of trauma death in the United States after blunt trauma.
Penetrating
____ cavitation is caused by the acceleration of the bullet and causes a stretching of the tissues.
Temporary
____ cavitation is caused by the bullet path and remains once the projectile has passed through the tissue.
Permanent
Air resistance, often referred to as ____, slows the projectile, decreasing the depth of penetration and thus reducing damage to the tissues.
drag
Four types of blast injury:
primary
secondary
tertiary
miscellaneous
____ blast injuries are due entirely to the blast itself.
Primary
In ____ blast injuries, damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris.
secondary
In ____ blast injuries, the victim is hurled by the force of the explosion, sometimes against a stationary object.
tertiary
Three types of miscellaneous blast injuries:
Burns from hot gases or fires started by the blast
Respiratory injury from inhaling toxic gases
Crush injury from the collapse of buildings
Organs that contain ____, such as the middle ear, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, are the most susceptible to pressure changes.
air
The ____ is most sensitive to blast injuries.
ear
The tympanic membrane evolved to detect minor changes in pressure and will rupture at pressures of:
5 to 7 pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure.
Two common pulmonary injuries in blast injuries:
pneumothorax
pulmonary edema
One of the most concerning pulmonary blast injuries is ____ ____ ____, which occurs on alveolar disruption with subsequent air embolization into the pulmonary vasculature.
arterial air embolism
Arterial air embolism as a result of a blast can produce these four things:
Disturbances in vision
Changes in behavior
Changes in state of consciousness
Variety of other neurologic signs
____ injuries and head trauma are the most common causes of death from blast injuries.
Neurologic
DCAP-BTLS stands for:
Deformity
Contusion
Abrasion
Puncture/penetrating injury
Burns
Tenderness
Laceration
Swelling
On-scene time for critically injured patients should be less than:
10 minutes.
Trauma centers are categorized as either ____ trauma centers or ____ trauma centers, but not necessarily both.
adult
pediatric
Medium-velocity penetrating injuries may be caused by a:
B. handgun
Airbags decrease injury to all of the following EXCEPT:
B. heart
"For every reaction, there is an equal and opposite reaction" is Newton's ____ law.
third
Patients suffering form an open would to the neck may suffer from all of the following EXCEPT:
C. tension pneumothorax
True or false. Work is defined as force acting over distance.
true
A scoring system used for patients with head trauma.
revised trauma score (RTS)
During a rollover, which of the following can cause life-threatening injuries to a passenger?
D. all of the above
Which of the following would not be considered a significant mechanism of injury?
A. death of an occupant in a vehicle
B. severe damage to a vehicle
C. patient with altered mental status
D. entrapment
D. entrapment
When treating the victim of a bicycle accident, you should suspect head and spine injuries if:
A. the patient is crying
B. the patient fell onto a hard surface
C. the bicycle is damaged
D. the patient's helmet is damaged
D. the patient's helmet is damaged
A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?
A. pulmonary contusion
B. cardiac contusion
C. multiple rib fractures
D. head injury
D. head injury
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:
A. stabilize her entire spine.
B. obtain baseline vital signs.
C. leave her bicycle helmet on.
D. inspect the helmet for cracks.
A. stabilize her entire spine.
Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:
A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact.
B. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash.
C. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact.
D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.
D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.
Three aspects of the Glascow Coma Scale:
Eye
Verbal
Motor
What is the number range for the Glascow Coma Scale?