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tiffanydawnn
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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solution
- homogeneous mixture of two or more substances dissolved in each other
- small particles, no settling, cannot filter or dialyze
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solvent
- substance present in a solution in the largest amount
- aqueous solution: solvent is water
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solute
one or more substances present in a solution is amounts less than that of the solvent
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solubility
how much solute will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temp
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miscible
liquids dissolve in each other
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immiscible
liquids do not dissolve in each other
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insoluble
substance does not dissolve in a solvent
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concentrated solution
relatively large amount of solute
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dilute solution
relatively small amount of solute
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unsaturated
- less solute than can be dissolved
- has not reached limit
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saturated
- maximum solute present
- limit reached
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supersaturated
- more solute than can be dissolved
- excess solute
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like dissolves like
- nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents
- polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
*water dissolves ionic compounds
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solubility effects - solids in liquids
- ^ with temp
- ^ with stirring
- ^ with smaller particles
- no effect with ^ pressure
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solubility effects - gases in liquids
- decreases with ^ temp
- ^ with pressure
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Henry's Law
amout of gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to pressure of the gas above the solution
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concentration
amount of solute present in a specific quantity of solvent
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molarity
number of moles of solute per volume of solution in liters
M = moles of solute / liters of solution = mol / L
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mass percent
mass of solute / total mass of solution
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electrolyte
- ionic compounds dissolved in water
- conducting solution
- ions present
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strong electrolyte
only ions present (ex. Na+ Cl-)
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weak electrolyte
mixture of both ions and molecules
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non-electrolyte
only molecules present
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colloid
- borderline heterogeneous mixture with larger particles
- no settling, cannot filter but can dialyze
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suspension
heterogeneous mixture
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