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daynuhmay
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3 types of compressed tablets
- 1) SCT (sugar coated)
- 2) FCT (film coated)
- 3) MCT (multiple compressed)
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mechanism of effervescent tablets
liberate CO2 which acts as a disintegrator & produces effervescence
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inert substance added to increase the bulk weight of a tablet (filler)
diluent
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types of diluents (4)
- 1) clays
- 2) salts
- 3) sugars
- 4) polysaccharides (starch)
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used to impart cohesive qualities to the powdered material to insure the tablet remains intact after compression, as well as improve the free-flowing qualities by the formulation of granules of desired hardness & size
binders (glues)
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3 commonly used binders
- 1) sugars
- 2) polysaccharides (*cellulose derivatives*), gums
- 3) gelatin
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useful binder for drugs that are not stable in water (both water AND alcohol soluble)
PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone)
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API
active pharmaceutical ingredient
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prevent adhesion of tablet material to surface of dyes, reduces inter-particle friction, improves flow rate
lubricants
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3 types of lubricants
- 1) talc
- 2) fatty acids, oils
- 3) PEG
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how lubricants work
make surfaces "non-sticky" by preventing polar interactions
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substances that promote the flow of the tablet granulation or powder by coating the tablet
glidants
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2 examples of glidants
- 1) colloidal silicon dioxide
- 2) talc
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how glidants work
negatively charged glidant particles absorb on granule surface & prevent adhesive interactions between granules
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added to tablet to facilitate its breakup after administration
disintegrant
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most important quality of a disintegrant
ability to rapidly absorb water
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4 examples of disintegrants
- 1) corn/potato starch
- 2) clays
- 3) polysaccharides
- 4) superdisintegrants (crosslinked polymers)
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when disintegrating agent is usually mixed
w/ active ingredients & diluents prior to granulation
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used to keep tablets dry
adsorbents
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3 features of granulation
- 1) ensures homogenous mixing of ingredients
- 2) improves flow
- 3) improves compressibility
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most widely used method of granulation
wet granulation
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when dry granulation is used
tablet ingredients are sensitive to moisture or are unable to withstand elevated temperatures during drying
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partial or complete separation of top or bottom crowns of a tablet from the main body (usually from air entrapment)
capping
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separation of a tablet into 2+ distinct layers (usually results from air entrapment)
lamination
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unequal color distribution on a tablet
mottling
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4 components of film coatings
- 1) polymers
- 2) plasticizers
- 3) colorants
- 4) solvents
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3 things hard capsules contain
- 1) gelatin
- 2) colorant
- 3) opacifier (sometimes)
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3 things soft elastic capsules contain
- 1) gelatin
- 2) plasticizer (sorbitol, glycerol)
- 3) preservative
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