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The flashcards below were created by user
Gymnastxoxo17
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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law of conservation of matter
in chem rxns matter is neither created nor destroyed
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law of constant composition
each pure chemical compound always has the same percentage composition of each element by mass
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Dalton's atomic theory
- all matter composed of atoms, cannot be created nor destroyed
- each elements have atoms that are identical in their properties, and these properties are different from other atoms
- chemical rxns are rearrangements of atoms
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electron charge
-1.60x10-19 couloumb
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plum pudding model
electrons bathed in a sea of positive charges like pudding
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who discovered electrons
J.J. Thomson
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who discovered protons
Rutherford
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nuclear model of the atom
Rutherford's idea that there is a small dense positive nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space and some electrons
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who discovered neutrons
Chadwick
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Bohr's model of the atom
- electrons only exist in certain allowed orbits
- orbitals n get further away from nucleus
- light energy emitted when electrons go to a lower orbit, energy needed to boost electrons
- energy difference between orbits is constant
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wave mechanical model/wave particle duality
Broglie suggested atoms have the characteristics of waves; can behave as wave as well as particle
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uncertainty principle
- Heisenberg's idea that the postion and the momentum of any particle cannot be known exactly at the same time
- as one is known more precisely, the other becomes less certain
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ground state
atoms/molecule existing in lowest possible energy state
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excited state
atom/molecule that has more energy than the ground state
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wavelength
distance between two repeating points
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frequency
number of waves that pass a point in space each second
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wavelength and frequency relationship
inversely proportional; as one increases, the other decreases
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energy and frequency relationship
directly proportional; as one increases, the other increases
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energy and wavelength relationship
inversely proportional; as one increases, the other decreases
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stability of electrons depends on
- how much energy they have
- most stable place for electron is the first energy level, closest to nucleus, lowest possible amount of energy
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modern orbit
region of space in which the probability of finding the electron is the highest
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principal energy levels
denoted by n, energy level closest to the nucleus is 1, then each succeeding energy level is numbered with consecutive integers
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maximum number of electrons for principle energy levels
2n2
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number of sublevels in each principle energy level
equal to the value n of that energy level
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sublevel numbers
called l, ranges from 0 to n-1 up until 3, correspond to the letters spdf
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sublevel orbitals
within sublevels, there are orbitals spdf, each with a maximum of two electrons
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