SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH SETTINGS

Lupus affects which gender 10-15times more?
A. Male 
B. Female

Lupus can develop at any age but most commonly develops in people of what age?
A. Under 20 years old
B. Between 46-65 years old
C. Over 65 years old
D. Between 20-45 years old

Which statement about lupus is false? 
A. They symptoms of lupus vary widely between patients.
B. The onset of lupus can be difficult to diagnose.
C. Lupus is considered a rare disease.
D. There is no cure for lupus but the disease can be treated with medication.

Strengths-based perspective has been proven to work successful with lupus patients.

A. True
B. False

"Heart disease" is a term used in identifying several heart conditions. What is the most common manifestation of heart disease in the United States?

What are the risk factors for heart disease?

Heart disease leads to?

The most common symptoms of Heart Disease are?

What cause heart disease?

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for men and woman.
A. True
B. False

Heart disease affect which gender the most?
A. Male
B. Female

Therapeutic life changes is a three part program that includes a healthy diet, physical activity, and weight managment. Such interventions include what?

Medications used to treat CHD include anticoagulants- blood thinners. What other medications can be used?
A. Asprin fish oil, other supplements high in omega-3 fatty acids
B. ACE inhibtors
C. Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
D. Nitroglycerin and stains
E. Glycoprotein IIbIIIa

What is angioplasty?

What is Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?

Individuals living with CHD are highly affected by depression and anxiety. 
A. True
B. False

Research suggests that support systems help client cope with their CHD diagnosis and subsequently recuces illness related stress.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

Spirituality and CHD: A study conducted with Muslim men living with CHD displayed that their spurituality helped them cope with their disease and reduced stress. Their religion gave them a sense of hope.

A. True
B. False

When using bio-psych-social-spiritual assessments, targets for social work practice include:

What is alzheimer's disease?
A. The most common type of dementia
B. Develops when nerve cells in the brain die or no longer function properly. 
C. Memory, behavior, and ability to think clearly is affected
D. All the above

The direct physiological changes that trigger the development of AD. Is still unknown except for forms of the disease is caused by yhree known genetic mutation. 

A. True
B. False

Historical factors of AD include?
A. First identified more than 100 years ago
B. In the past 30 years: research thrived on its symptoms, causes, risk factors, & treatment
C. All of the above

Biomarkers test is?

AD can creat changes in the brain for about ____ years before symptoms occur.

A. 30
B. 10
C. 20
D. 40

Pre-symptomatic stage:
           AD can creste change in the brain for about 20years before symptoms occur.

-Measurable changes in the brain such as cerebrospinal fluid/blood that could indicate earlies signs of disease
-No symptoms have been developed 
-Biomarker research needed before diagnosing this stage

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Due To AD: 

A. Mild but measurable changes in one's thinking that is noticeable to one's loved ones.
B. Does not affect activities of daily living (ADL's).
C. If biomaker testing indicates risk: this stage can be diagnosed if there is change in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and/or blood that is caused by physiological processes associated with AD.
D. People with MCI and with memory problems are more likely to develop AD & other dementias.
E. All of the above

Dementia Due To AD: 

A. This stage is caused by AD-related processes
B. This is seen through behavioral symptoms, memory, & thinking that impairs one's ability to functions in ADL's
C. All of the above

Symptoms/Manifestations:
A. Memory loss that disrupts daily life
B. Confussion with time and place
C. Problems with planning and problem solving
D. Dificulties complete daily tasks
E. Problems with speaking and writing
F. Misplacing objects
G. Difficult on decision making and judgement
H. Withdrawal from the social activities
I. Changes in personality
J. Depression, social withdrawal, mood swings
K. Distrust in others, irritability and aggressiveness
L. Changes in sleeping habits, wandering, loss of inhibitions
M. Delusions

Etiology of AD: 

A. No direct sourse
B. Age (people with AD doubles every 5 years after age 65)
C. Family history ( passed through genetics)
D. Physical factors such as high blood pressure, high cholestoral, low vitamine folate

Epidemiology Icidence & Prevalence

A. Incidents increase with age.

B. 5.2 million americans of all ages had Alzheimer's disease in 2013.
---- 1 in 9 people age 65+
---- 1 IN 3 people age 85+

85 years old African American woman are at higher risk for Alzheimer's.

Prevention strategies of AD: 

A. No proven strategies, although research is ongoing
B. Primary preventions: amyloid-B detection, genetic testing, reducing risk of heart disease
C. Secondary preventions: clinical trials aimed to slow disease progress.
D: New multicomponet programs: 
  --physical activity
  --cognitive stimulation
  -- social engagment
  --health diet
 -- memory compensation strategies

Promising results:

Nicotine therapy
Insulin therapy

Health care interventions:

Medications (4)-  pharmacological intervention

Nonpharmacological interventions: communication methods, reality therapy, validation therapy, redirection, memory cueing, therapeutic activities, environmental modification, and maintain overal health

Social work interventions:  to address, understand andconduct client needs

A. Psycheducational is effective in reducing caregiver distress
B. Education provided to the caregiver ensures better care of Alzheimers patients
C. Psychosocial interventions
D. Art therapy

Educational interventions:

Address behavioral distrubances

Medical model is historically the primary assessmental tool.

However, the biopsychospiritualsocial assessment is more appropriate because it gathers patient information in response to their envioronment, medical, and psychological factors

Dementia= Personality + Biography + Physical health + Neurological impairments + Social psychology

10 Realms for assessing strengths/risks in AD:

Material
Biomedical
Psychological
Relational
Family
Providers
Social
Community
Culture
Existential/spiritual

The politics of health care

What forces shapes U.S. health care policy?
A. The culture of healthcare in the u.s
B. The u.s health care industry
C. The american medical association
D. The u.s economy
E. Litigation
F. All the above

The culture of health care I  the u.s

A. Market economy
B. Deserving vs. Undeserving
C. Wanting the best care at any cost
D. All the above

The u.s. economy? 

"Our economy profits from making people sick and fat."

True or false

The u.s health care industry: the corporate compromise*

A. Doctors, insurers, pharma, devices companies...are incentivized to increase rather than decrease health care utilization. 
B. Our health care industry profits from providing more volume of care focused on medication and procedures, not better health.

Follow the lobbying money....

The healthcare sector as a whole ranks fifth in the top 13 interest groups giving the most money to political campaigns.

The $640 billion dollar question: 

The U.S. spends much more per capita on health care than other developed countries, with outcomes no better than their peers.

If health care became more cost-effective (by 20%) we could. $640 billion would be available for other national needs.

So why don't cost-effective models diffuse more rapidly in the health care industry like they do in other industries? What maintains the status quo?

Pharm & medical equipment companies interests:

A. Keeping product costs high 
B. Maintain control over pricing of products
C. Developing new products that generate monopoly profit (by saying they are unique)
D. All the above

Insurance companies interests ?

A. Resist standardization of benefits and billing (even though it would reduce health care spending by $200 billion annually)

B. Resist being forced to compete on the basis of price of coverage

C. Both a and b

Hospitals interests?

A. Maintain high occupancy
B. Get patients to come to them rather than other facilities
C. Keep uncompensated care costs low
D. Keep physicians happy so that they will admit patients to their hospitals
E. All the above

Physicians interests?

A. keep their autonomy (avoiding group decision making, standardized approaches to care, peer review)

B. Keep their salaries high (especially specialists whose salaries would be most affected by cost effeciencies). 

C. Both a and b

Health care consumer interest?

A. Access to the highest tech health care
B. Resistance to any rationing of health care
C. Resistant to cost-driven health care decisions
D. All the above

Too much healthcare?

A. Medicine is the third leading cause of death in the u.s. Because of medical errors, drug interactions, hospital aquired infections.

B. Factor promoting MORE care: payment incentives, defensive medicine, patients want more care, entitlement programs (Medicaid & Medicare)

C.Big medicine hospitals, big pharmacies

D. high tech medicine

E. All the above