Spacecraft Systems Final

The spacecraft project mission statement answers the question _____

The most common liquid monopropellant used for rocket propulsion is _____

An ion engine has a distinct advantage over chemical rocket motors for some applications because of its _______

A hybrid rocket motor typically consists of ________ and _______

Heating compressed (cold) gas increases the propulsion system's ________

The Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters used ______ for fuel

The speed of data transfer in a communications system is primarily determined by the _____

A _______ is used to couple an electromagnetic signal to space

The most useful band for spacecraft communications is the microwave band between ___ and ___ Ghz

Many of the spacecraft C&DH components must be ______ to protect from the high radiation levels in space

The command processor in a spacecraft command and data handling system is used to ______,_____, and __________

The approximate useful range of a solar photovoltaic power is from the Sun to the orbit of _____

Spacecraft fuel cells use _____ and ____ as reactants

The nuclear _____ system generates the highest power levels of any spacecraft electrical power system

All nuclear power systems provide electrical energy by converting _____ into electrical power

Gravity gradient is an example of _____ spacecraft attitude control

An onboard GPS system would be an example of a spacecraft ______and/or _______

The greatest temperature range/difference in the solar system (outside the Sun) is found _____

Heat pipes are an example of ______ thermal control components

A polished metal surface would have _____

The Earth's reflected energy is approximately _____% of direct solar heating

The most commonly used spacecraft structural material is _____

Ductility of spacecraft structural materials should be ______ to avoid cracking

The highest energy band in the electromagnetic spectrum of energy is the _____ band

The sp;ar wind is composed of mostly _____ and ____ particles

The source of energy for the sun is the fusion of ____ into _____

typical solar wind velocity is approximately _____ km/s

the number of dark spots in the sun is closely correlated with the ____ of the sun

The earth's magnetic field is generated by the motion of the liquid-_____ core

Escape velocity is _____ times circular velocity at the same radius

the ____ is defined as the mean distance between the earth and sun

the total energy for an unbound orbit is ______

calculate the period of a homann transfer orbit from earth to mars

The optimum latitude from the earths surface is _____ deg

the most efficient fuel available for chemical rocket propulsion is ________

the shortest time of flight from earth to mars or to any other orbit is with a type ___ transfer

hyperbolic propellants require no

_____ cooling is used to reduce the extremely high temperature in liquid propellant combustion chambers and nozzles

low voltage/current signals in typical sensors are increased to digital circuit voltages by using a __________

A spacecraft communications command processor is used to ________ _______

a ______ antenna is used as a standard to measure or compare to other antenna types

a signal-to-noise ratio of __:1 is considered reasonable for reliable signal reception on a simple communications system

if the diameter of a communications antenna were doubled, how much would the signal gain increase

deep-space missions are supported by NASAs _____ network

the first manned spacecraft to use digital telemetry was ______

spacecraft communications systems generally use _____ modulation for data formatting

a linear vertical antenna would receive ____ of the signal from a left circular polarized transmitted signal

to prevent either accidental or malicious interference with spacecraft operations, both the uplink and downlink communication signals are _______

the dB value corresponding to a power gain of 10,000 is ____ dB

NASAs TDRSS ground station for satellite communications network is located near _______

The central frequency of a communications signal ____ if the spacecraft is moving towards the ground station

spacecraft electronics are protected from all but the most extreme radiation damage by a process called radiation ______

______ is needed in spacecraft command & data handling systems to avoid catastrophic error and component failures

the space shuttle digital processing system incorporated ____ separate general purpose computers

the output voltage of a solar photovoltaic cell would ____ if the cell temperature is increased

the maximum power available from a photovoltaic array is found at on the voltage-current output plot at a point called the ______

the total energy available from a battery is often measured in ____-hours

a batterys depth of discharge will ______ with increasing age

voltage from solar cells can be increased from a fraction of a volt to tens or hundreds of volts using a ____ circuit connection

NASAs prototype nuclear reactor that was to be used for high-power, deep space missions was called SNAP-____

nuclear reactor power sources employ a type of radioisotope material _____ material

direct current is converted into alternating current using a _______

the most common radioisotope used in spacecraft RPG/RTG power sources is ______

A conductive _______ was used to test the generation of electrical field power during orbit on two space shuttle mission flights

because they are expensive, and because they produce water, fuel cells are only used on ____ space flight missions

a RTG powered by the 238 PU isotope generates ____ gas as part of its decay process

gravity gradient is a ____ type of attitude stabilization

the two types of motion sensors used to measure motion are rotation and ____ sensors

the militaries navstar global positioning system can be used to determine position and velocity for spacecraft in ____ orbit

the greatest torque of the three gyroscopic control systems is provided by the _____

the ____ force is used to help desaturate the momentum exchange devices on the ISS

the ____ carries the attitude, position, and time data used for the ISS GN&C functions

optical terrain guidance was used in the ____ manned spacecraft

pointing calculations and control operations are needed for the ISS ______, radiators, and solar arrays

a _____ tracker is used for accurate determination of the position of a spacecraft in three dimensions

a ring ____ gyro can measure both rotational and translational motion on a spacecraft

the US segment employs _____ units for the attitude control on the ISS

The space shuttle used ____ for cooling fluids in its external active cooling loop

a heat pipe is an example of a ____ thermal control system

one of the most common surface coatings for spacecraft radiation is _____

the narrowest range of temperatures in the solar system would be near the planet _____

_____ is an example of a coating/material has both high alpha  and high emmistivity

with the exception of heat pipes, _____ heat transfer is not significant in or on spacecraft because of the lack of gravity

______ emits blackbody radiation

the ____ effect is used in thermoelectric cooling that is powered by electrical current

according several laws of thermodynamics, heat always flows from ____ to _____

temperature is a measure of _____ energy

the ____ is another term commonly used for a spacecraft primary structure

the most abundant solid particles in space are extremely small but can produce significant ____ over long periods of spacecraft exposure

thermal expansion in spacecraft structures and materials _________

the resonant frequency of a beam would _____ with a decrease in the beams mass

the soviets used the basic ____ shape for their early spacecraft structures

the greatest vibrational energy source on a spacecraft during its operation is in the ____ phase

vacuum effects on solid materials including metals can produce _____, which could result in the formation of whiskers

torques from external magnetic fields can be minimized by avoiding _____ materials in the spacecraft

one significant disadvantage in using titanium for spacecraft structures is that it is difficult to ________

the vibrational frequency- amplitude spectrum of a launch vehicle ________

many of the early american spacecraft, and even some today, employ a _____ shaped bus structure

one of the most effective spacecraft debris shields is not a thick, solid chamber wall, but a __________ that disperses any impacting particle energy over a large area