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What is the Bronsted concept of acids and bases?
How can water behave in terms of acids and bases?
How can you work out a pH?
pH = - log10[H+]
What are strong acids and bases?
What are weak Acids and bases?
How can you calculate the [OH-] if [H3O+] = 1x10-3
What is the pH of a 0.005M solution of NaOH
What are some strong Acids?
HCl
HI
HNO3
H2SO4
What are some strong bases?
NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
What are some weak acids?
CH3COOH
H3PO4
What are some weak bases?
NH3
(CH3)3N
What do weak acids and bases have?
They have ionisation constants
What are ionisation constants?
Ka
What are ionisation constants often converted into?
Into pKa
pKa = -log (Ka)
What are conjugate acids and bases?
A conjugate acid donates a proton to form the conjugate base
A conjugate base accepts a proton to form the conjugate acid.
Explain a conjugate pair
What is the common ion effect?
The common ion effect is the effect on pH when the salt of a conjugate base is added to a solution of it's parent or conjugate acid.
For example
What is a buffer solution?
A buffer solution is a combination of an acid and the salt of its conjugate base, that maintains the pH of a solution in the presence of small amounts of added acid or base
A buffer solution is one which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid or an alkali are added to it.
What are acidic buffers?
Acidic buffers have a pH of less than 7 and are made from a weak acid and one of its salts.
What are basic buffers?
Basic buffers have a pH greater than 7 and they're made by mixing a weak base with one of its salts
