Swinney did an experiment in which he presented participants with the sentence, “The man was not surprised to find several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the
corner of the room.” He found that immediately after hearing the word “bug,”
the participants accessed
B. both the “insect” and the “hidden listening device” meanings of the word.
Lexical ambiguity studies show that people initially access
C. multiple meanings of an ambiguous word.
In a study, participants listened to the
following tape recording:
Rumor had it that, for years, the government building had been plagued with problems. The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room.
As participants heard the word “bugs,” they completed a lexical decision task to a test stimulus flashed on a screen. Results showed that the participants responded most slowly to the test stimulus
C. SKY.
Swinney's lexical priming studies using
ambiguous words as stimuli show that context
C. exerts its influence after all meanings of the word have been briefly accessed.
Which of the following is NOT influenced by
meaning?
A. Word frequency effect
Swinney's research measuring response time to different words with either similar or different meanings is an example of which research methodology?
C. Lexical priming
Syntax is
A. the rules for combining words into sentences.
Brain imaging studies reveal that semantics
and syntax are associated with ____ brain mechanisms.
a. the same
b. different
b. different
When the front part of a sentence can be
interpreted more than one way, but the end of the sentence clarifies which meaning is correct, we say that the sentence is an example of
B. speech segmentation.
The idea that the grammatical structure of a
sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of
the _____ approach to parsing.
A. syntax-first
Consider the sentence, “Because he always
jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him.” The principle of late closure states that this sentence would first be parsed into which of the following phrases?
D. “Because he always jogs a mile”
Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?
a. Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night.
b. The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in
the corner of the room.
c. The cats won't bake.
d. The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.
a. Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night.
The principle of late closure can be described as a(n) _____ since it provides a best guess about the unfolding meaning of a sentence.
C. heuristic
The interactionist approach to parsing states
that
B. semantics is activated as a sentence is being read.
The crucial question in comparing syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing is ____ is involved.
B. when semantics
Tanenhaus and coworkers’ eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence,
“Put the apple on the towel in the box.” Their results showed the importance of
_____ in how we understand sentences in real-life situations.
C. environmental context
Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence,
"Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results support
B. the interactionist approach to parsing.
Your research advisor asks you to create
stimuli for a discourse processing experiment to be run in the lab. Most likely, you would create stimuli where each trial you present a(n)
D. paragraph of text.
Coherence refers to the
a. mental process by which readers create information during reading that is not
explicitly stated in the text.
b. principle that we process information in isolation before we link it to its context.
c. mental process whereby ambiguity is resolved online during sentence reading.
d. representation of the text in a reader’s mind, so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text.
d. representation of the text in a reader’s mind, so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text.
Most of the coherence in text is created by
D. inference.
Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at
it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)
D. anaphoric inference.
Boxing champion George Foreman recently
described his family vacations with the statement, “At our ranch in Marshall, Texas,
there are lots of ponds and I take the kids out and we fish. And then of course, we grill them.” That a reader understands “them” appropriately (George grills fish, not his kids!) is the result of a(n) _____ inference.
C. anaphoric
Chaz is listening to his grandma reminisce
about the first time she danced with his grandpa 60 years ago. When his grandma
says, “It seemed like the song would play forever,” Chaz understands that it is more likely his grandma was listening to a radio playing and not a CD. This understanding
requires Chaz use a(n)
A. instrument inference.
Imagine you are interpreting a pair of
sentences such as “The sidewalk was covered with ice” and “Ramona fell down.”
The kind of inference we use to link these sentences together would most likely
be a(n) _____ inference.
D. causal
According
to the situation model of text processing,
a. people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of information
about phrases, sentences, and paragraphs.
b. people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people,
objects, locations, and events.
c. it will take longer to understand a story that involves a complex series of situations.
d. people draw inferences about what is happening in a story by considering both local
and global connections.
b. people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people,objects, locations, and events.
According to the idea of _____, when we read a sentence like, “Carmelo grabbed his coat from his bedroom and his backpack from the living room, walked downstairs, and called his friend Gerry,” we create a map of Carmelo's apartment and keep track of his location as he moves
throughout the apartment.
D. situation models
The given-new contract is a method for
creating
B. coherence in people's conversations.
When two people engage in a conversation, if
one person produces a specific grammatical construction in her speech and then
the other person does the same, this phenomenon is referred to as
C. syntactic priming.
The ____ states that the nature of a culture's
language can affect the way people think.
A. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
A psycholinguist conducts an experiment with a
group of participants from a small village in Asia and another from a small
village in South America. She asked the groups
to describe the bands of color they saw in a rainbow and found they reported
the same number of bands as their language possessed primary color words. These
results
