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This disease is named for the way the person looks due to it presents with a rash on there face. It's an chronic immune disease.
- SLE
- Systemic Lupus Erthematosus
- Lupus means "wolf" which is the look that the rash gives a person.
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SLE etio and pathophysiology
- unclear etio
- abnormal large numbers of circulating autoantibodies against DNA, platelets, erythrocytes, all are known as antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
- Skin and body systems can be affected
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SLE SNS
- multiple joints inflammed and painful w/o dmg
- UV sensitivity, skin rashes, sometimes ulcers
- renal damage and pleurisy
- raynaud's and carditis
- anemia, leukopenia
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tx approach to SLE
- glucocorticoids for inflammation
- NSAIDs
- Avoid excessive fatigue
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general sns of AIDs
- 1st phase fever, fatigue, arthalgia, sore throat that recover without intervention
- 2nd phase no clear signs
- final acute numerous serious complications; GI effects, neurological effects, malignancies
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Difference between benign and malignant tumors
- benign is commonly encapsulated and expands but doesn't spread
- malignant cells infiltrate and spread into surrounding tissues
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systemic effects of malignant tumors
- weight loss and severe tissue wasting (cachexia)
- anemia
- severe fatigue
- infections
- bleeding
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With chemotherapy its risk to implement major procedures due to tendency for patient to
hemorrhage or have a severe infection by coming across/into a more infectious surrounding and have poor healing capabilities
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JRA vs RA
- in children
- onset is more apparent
- large joints affected ie knees, wrists, elbows
- rheumatoid factor generally doesn't present in the bloo
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sns of dehydration
- low BP
- weak pulse
- fatigue
- decreased mental function
- increased HR and body temp
- pale and cool skin
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sns hyponatreima
- anorexia, nausea, cramps
- fatigue
- HA, confusion, seizures
- decreased BP
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sns hypokalemia
- cardiac arrthymias/arrest
- anorexia, nausea, constipation
- fatigue, cramps,
- shallow respiration
- excessive urine
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sns hyperkalemia
- arrhytmias, cardiac arrest
- nausea, diarrhea
- muscle weakness, LE paralysis initiates
- paresthesias of fingers, toes, face, tongue
- oliguria (low urine)
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sns hypocalcemia
- tetany (involuntary muscle spasms)
- tingling fingers
- confusion, irritability
- weak heart contractions, arrhythmia
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sns hypercalcemia
- apathy, lethargy
- anorexia, nausea, constipation
- polyuria, thirst
- kidney stones
- increased BP
- arrhythmias
- prolonged strong cardiac contractions
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whats occuring with O2 and CO2 in respiratory acidosis? in alkalosis?
- acidosis has increased CO2
- -COPD
- alkalosis has increased O2
- -hyperventilation possibley due to head injuries, anxiety, overdose of aspirin
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define
cardiac reserve
preload
afterload
- cardiac reserve: ability of heart to increase output in response to increased demand
- preload: amount of blood delivered to the heart by venous return
- afterload: force required to eject blood from the ventricles, determine by peripheral resistance
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warning signs of an MI
- feeling of pressure, heaviness, or burning in the chest especially with increased activity
- sudden SOB, sweating, weakness, fatigue
- nausea, indigestion
- anxiety and fear
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