-
apartheid
A Movement in South Africa that separated Blacks from Whites. Blacks had small freedom. Whites dominated over Blacks.
-
African National Congress
A Group that opposed apartheid. Lead by Nelson Mandela.
-
Nelson Mandela:
Leader of the African National Congress. Imprisoned for opposing South African government. Ended apartheid. President from 1994-1999. died December 5th 2013.
-
F.W. de Klerk
President of South Africa: Ended apartheid. Worked on reforms to achieve equal voting rights for both blacks and whites in South Africa.
-
Soweto Uprising:
An Uprising of School students from Sowetan schools in South Africa against apartheid: 600 protesters died during this uprising.
-
One-party system:
Single political party that controls the government. Dictators ruled many nations by using this system. Held elections were controlled by bribes or death threats.
-
patronage:
giving loyal followers of the one-party system well paid positions in the government.
-
Rwanda:
1990s- tribal violence between Hutu v. Tutsi. Hutu led gov’t - massacre of 1 million Tutsi and moderate Hutu
-
Darfur/Sudan Civil War:
A Civil War between two different one party systems. Muslim North v. Southern tribal groups who were Christians. estimated 2 million dead. considered genocide.
-
Saddam Hussein
Dictator of Iraq: Took control in 1979: Built largest army in middle east: Capital Babylon: built up huge wealth for himself:
-
desertification:
the spread of desert like conditions. Continuous cycles of drought and famine.
-
Famine:
Extreme food shortage
-
Epidemic:
A widespread of disease in a country or continent. (Ex. the Black Death was an Epidemic.)
-
Negritude movement:
A movement that preserved African culture from 1930s - rejected Europeans, embraced African heritage Some used Swahili - novels, poetry
-
David Ben Gurion:
First Prime Minister of the new Israel. Created the new government on may 14th, 1948.
-
Gamal Nasser:
Took over Egypt in 1952 with a military coup: One Party gov't: Improved economy, industrialized: Nonalignment - aid from US and USSR:
-
Suez Crisis:
When Nasser did not receive funding for the Aswan Dam he took Suez by force. Britain, France and Israel defeated him: US - made them give it to him to avoid a conflict with the USSR: Hero of the Arabs:
-
Pan Arabism:
Arab unity against Jews, Christians, US etc... Had limited success.
-
OPEC:
A strategic importance in world politics. OPEC is a oil producing coalition of nations
-
Six Day War
In 1967 Egypt ordered the United Nations to remove all of it's troops from Gaza, Sinai: Egyptian troops moved into Sinai: Israel attacked - took out air force in Egypt, Syria and Jordan: War won in 6 days.
-
Yom Kippur War:
1973: highest Holy Day: Egyptian-retaliation attack: Golda Meir - Israeli Prime Minister: U.S. supported Israel: Israel - pushed back Egypt and Syria:
-
Golda Meir:
Prime Minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
-
Anwar Sadat:
President of Egypt assassinated in 1981 by own military officer:
-
Menachem Begin:
Israeli politician: founder of Likud: Before Israel leader of the Zionist militant group:
-
Arab Spring:
Widespread protests in Middle East and North Africa: Began in Tunisia Dec 2010-spread by internet: Affected almost every Muslim country - more rights, participation in government: Overthrew gov't in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya & Yemen: Many nations still unstable:
-
Camp David Accords:
A series of treaties signed by Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin: These treaties established peace between Egypt and Israel:
-
intifada:
Palestinian resentment of Israeli occupation boiled into a rebellion:
-
Yasser Arafat:
Leader of PLO: Signed Oslo Accords: Died in 2004:
-
Ayatollah Khomeini:
Iranian religious leader and politician: Leader of 1979 Iranian Revolution: Overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi:
-
Iranian Revolution:
Revolution ousted shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi - too Western, Iran more industrialized: Shia Muslims led by Ayatollah Khomeini - took gov't: A direct descendant of Mohammed: Established sharia law - based on Koran:
-
sharia law:
Rules and regulations founded by Islamic governments. These rules were based or the Koran, and were followed by almost all Muslims. Rules consisted of women being completely hidden by clothes: Not allowed in public without male relative or husband.
-
Theocracy:
Form of government: Not actual elected government: Religious leaders giving orders to elected government:
-
Persian Gulf War:
1990: invasion of Kuwait by Saddam Hussein over territory dispute: Coalition of gov't - U.S. Saudi Arabia, other Arab nations opposed Hussein: 1991 - Desert Storm - quick end to war: Hussein still in power of Iraq:
-
Iraq War:
- 2003-2010:
- REASONS:
- Iraq gave aid to terrorists:
- Chemical weapons against own people:
- Refused weapon inspection by the UN:
- Feared Hussein had WMDs could use or give to terrorists:
- Quick overthrow of government:
- Hussein in hiding; executed in 2006:
- Never found WMDs:
- Civil War - insurgents against stable Iraq; different Muslim factions Free elections 2005:
- Current Prime Minister Nouri al Malaki:
- Still has terrorist attacks:
-
Liberation Theology:
Mixture of Catholicism and Marxism believes:
-
Fidel Castro/Raul Castro:
Relatives who ruled/rule Cuba: Fidel led revolution against U.S.: Retired Raul took over: Raul more radical than Fidel:
-
Che Guevara:
Argentine Marxist revolutionary: physician: guerrilla leader: Major figure in Cuban Revolution: Helped lead it:
-
Sandinistas:
1979: Somoza forced to flee: Revolutionary group that took over capital: Rule as junta, group of leaders who rule jointly: Launched economic, social reforms: Allowed political opposition: Contras - US supported opposition guerilla group against Marxist Sandinistas:
-
Junta:
Group or leaders ruling as a government jointly over a country:
-
Contras:
US supported opposition guerilla group against Marxist Sandinistas:
-
Juan Peron/Eva Peron:
Married couple who ruled Argentina: Juan Dictator from 1943-1955: Eva populist wife; died of cancer at 33:
-
Populist:
Supporter of rights for the common people:
-
hyperinflation:
extremely high inflation levels:
-
Manuel Noriega (Panama):
military dictator and drug lord-ousted in 1989 serving time in prison:
-
Augusto Pinochet (Chile):
dictator that overthrew Salvador Allende, a Socialist Now democratic system:
-
Hugo Chavez (Venezuela):
Marxist leader: controlled economy - put in shambles: Close ties to Cuba, Castro: Today-Marxist leader: Economic unrest; hunger: Protests in the street:
-
Vicenti Fox (Mexico):
elected in 2000: Not in the PIR: worked well with US, opposed harsh treatment of immigrants:
-
Enrique Nieto (Mexico):
Current President of Mexico: PRI, reformer: Granted US factories in Mexico:
-
NAFTA:
North America Free Trade Association
-
Falkland War:
War between Argentina and Britain: Over Falkland islands: Argentina attempted to gain control over islands and remove British control: Operation failed. Britain still in control:
-
Violeta Chamorro:
elected President in 1990: Peaceful transfer of power from Sandinistas:
-
Daniel Ortega:
Sandinista: Current President of Nicaragua:
-
Globalization:
process in which trade and culture link together countries around the world: Cultural Mix:
-
interdependence:
relationship among countries in which they depend on one another for resources, goods and services:
-
multinational corporation:
large companies that operate in multiple countries:
-
outsourcing:
companies send work elsewhere to cut costs and/or increase production: China makes Americas electronics is an example of outsourcing:
-
free trade:
tries to guarantee that a fair price is paid to workers & farmer in developing countries:
-
cultural diffusion:
mixture of multiple different countries all into one society or economy:
|
|