FunctionalGroups

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Alcohols
- - Choose the longest C-chain containing Oh group
- - Number the chain to give the OH-bearing carbon the lower number
- - Change the ending of the name to 'ol'
- - Alcohols are formed via the hydration of a double bond
- IE: _Double bond compound_ +H₂0 = alcohol
Ethers
- - General formula: R-O-R
- - Name the simpler R group as an "alkoxy" derivative on the longer R group
- - Alcohols & ethers are isomers
- - Ethers are formed from an alcohol
- - IE: CH₃-CH₂-OH --Strong Base/2.R-Cl = CH₃-CH₂-OR
Aldehydes
- - General Formula: R-CHO (R is a carbon chain)
- - Find the longest chain containing the carbonyl group
- - carbonyl bearing carbon is labelled C-1
- - Change the ending of the name to 'al'
- - Maximum 2 aldehydes in a chain
- - Aldehydes can be fromed via the oxidation of a primary alcohol (akin to a dehyrogenation)
Ketones
- - General Formula: R-C^=O^-R
- (^ are arrows pointing up)
- - Find the longest C-chain containing the carbonyl group
- - Number it to give the carbonyl carbon numbering priority
- - Change the 'e' ending to 'one"
- - Keytones are formed via the oxidation of a secondary alcohol
Carboxylic acids
- - General formula: R-COOH (R is a carbon chain)
- - Find the longest chain containing the carboxy group
- - Carboxy bearing carbon is labelled C-#1
- - Change the ending of the name to '-oic acid"
- - Acids can be formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol
Esters
- - General Formula: R-COOR (R and R' are carbon chains)
- - Find the longest chain containing the ester group
- - Change the ending to '-oate'
- - Place the name of R' in front of the root of the name
- - Always name the group with the oxygen first, and the functional group is in the suffix
- - Esters are formed via the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol using an acid catalyst
Amides
- - General formula: R-CONR₂ (R can be a H or a carbon chain)
- - Find the longest chain containing the amide group
- - The amide bearing C is labelled C-#1
- - Change the ending 'e' ending to '-amide'
- - Amides can be obtained via the reaction between an ester and ammonia or an amine
Amines
- - General Formula: R₃N (At least 1 R is a carbon chain)
- - Name all the R groups in alphabetical order, followed by '-amine'; all in one word

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Yami

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Card Set

FunctionalGroups

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Updated

2014-05-06T08:26:18Z

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