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pugsrule915
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Successful pregnancy outcomes include:
- Viable birth weight
- No congenital defects
- Favorable long-term health outlook for mother and infant
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Metabolic changes
- Basal Metabolic Rate increases 15-20% by end of pregnancy
- mother uses more fats bc fetus want glucose
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anatomic and physiologic changes at end of pregnancy
- weight
- bone and soft tissue structure
- plasma volume doubles
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Full term pregnancy
40 weeks
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Renal changes
- GFR increases (glomerular filtration rate)
- may increase risk for preeclampsia- hypertension
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GI changes
- Slow GI motility- increase absorption of nutrients
- smooth muscle relaxation
- consequences: constipation, heart burn, delay gastric empting
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Why does heart burn occur
relaxation of cardiac spinicter smooth muscle and longer churning of food in stomach
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Weight gain due to maternal body composition
- increased blood and fluid volume
- maternal support tissue- breast, uterine
- products of conception (fetus and placenta)
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consequences of inadequate weight gain
- low birth weight
- small gestation age (SGA)- weight and height
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Normal weight gain when pregnant
- 25-35lbs
- 1st: 0 weight
- 2nd/ 3rd: 1 lb/ week
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extra consumption of food
300-400 cal per day in 2nd and 3rd trimester
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BMI
doesn’t take into consideration muscle mass
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Prenatal vitamin
- only in population where supplementation is necessary
- contain more folic acid to prevent neural tube development
- less A and D- can cause birth defects
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Omega 3 (DHA)
neurological development
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