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Atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element.
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Electron
- - The first subatomic particles to be discovered
- - Very small mass
- - Negatively charged particle
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Subatomic particle
particles that make up an atom.
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Nucleus
The centre of the atom
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Proton
- - Positively charged particle
- - Relative mass of 1836
- - Located inside the nucleus
- - Determines what an atom is
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Neutron
- - Neutral particles
- - Located inside the nucleus
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Energy levels
Fixed regions around the nucleus. For an electron to move from one electron to a higher one it must absorb a specific amount of energy called a quantum.
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Atomic number
The # of P+ in the nucleus and the # of e- in a neutral atom.
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Mass number
The number of protons + the number of neutrons
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Isotope
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- - Each isotope has a unique mass # so they specify each isotope by placing it's mass # after the name of the element
- ex. C-12, C-14
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Bohr-Rutherford diagram
Used to show the arrangement of subatomic particles for an element
- Potassium:

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Atomic mass
the mass of an atomic particle
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Periodic table
The table of elements
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Metal
Solids at room temperature, shiny, good conductors, malleable, and ductile
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Non-metal
do not possess lustre, poor conductors of heat and electricity, neither malleable or ductile, are gasses at room temperature, can be solid,gas, or liquid.
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Metalloids
have some properties of metals and some of non-metals.
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Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
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Group
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table.
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Alkali metal
- The elements in group one except hydrogen.
- - Low melting points
- - Highly reactive
- - Soft enough to be cut with a knife
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Alkaline earth metal
- The elements in group two.
- - Highly reactive but less reactive than metals
- - When heated they burn with bright colourful flames
- - often used in fire works
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Halogens
- The elements in group 17
- - extremely corrosive
- - non-metals
- - highly reactive
- - melting points increase as you move down the group
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Noble gases
- The elements in group 18.
- - Odourless at room temperature
- - Colourless at room temperature
- - non-reactive
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Valence electron
Valence electrons lie in the outermost electron shell of an element.
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