Chapter 5 glossary terms

The smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element.

• - The first subatomic particles to be discovered
• - Very small mass
• - Negatively charged particle

particles that make up an atom.

The centre of the atom

• - Positively charged particle
• - Relative mass of 1836
• - Located inside the nucleus
• - Determines what an atom is

• - Neutral particles
• - Located inside the nucleus

Fixed regions around the nucleus. For an electron to move from one electron to a higher one it must absorb a specific amount of energy called a quantum.

The # of P⁺ in the nucleus and the # of e^- in a neutral atom.

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

• - Each isotope has a unique mass # so they specify each isotope by placing it's mass # after the name of the element
• ex. C-12, C-14

Used to show the arrangement of subatomic particles for an element

• Potassium:
• 

the mass of an atomic particle

The table of elements

Solids at room temperature, shiny, good conductors, malleable, and ductile

do not possess lustre, poor conductors of heat and electricity, neither malleable or ductile, are gasses at room temperature, can be solid,gas, or liquid.

have some properties of metals and some of non-metals.

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

• The elements in group one except hydrogen.
• - Low melting points
• - Highly reactive
• - Soft enough to be cut with a knife

• The elements in group two.
• - Highly reactive but less reactive than  metals
• - When heated they burn with bright colourful flames
• - often used in fire works

• The elements in group 17
• - extremely corrosive
• - non-metals
• - highly reactive
• - melting points increase as you move down the group

• The elements in group 18.
• - Odourless at room temperature
• - Colourless at room temperature
• - non-reactive

Valence electrons lie in the outermost electron shell of an element.