GI Meds

  1. Analgesic
    • Demerol(Meperidine)
    • Morphine
    • Dilaudid
    • (Hydromorphone)
    • Intended Action:Relieve severe pain
    • SE: Hypotension, dependence, depress respirations, spasmogenic
    • to biliary ducts (esp. Morphine)
  2. Anti-inflammatory
    • Prednisone
    • Intended Action: Wide usage - given in ulcerative colitis to decrease inflammation and scar formation
    • SE: Fluid retention, mask infection,
    • adrenal insufficiency if withdrawn suddenly, gastric irritation
  3. Anti-infective
    • Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
    • Neomycin
    • Flagyl(metronidazole),
    • Biaxin (clatithromycin)
    • Intended Action: Relieve ulcerative colitis, decrease intestinal bacteria Broad spectrum antibiotic Treat H. Pylori infection
    • SE: Some hypersensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Rash, increased BUN, anemia neutropenia
  4. H2 receptor antagonist
    • Tagamet (cimetidine)
    • Zantac (ranitidine)
    • Pepcid (famotidine)
    • Axid (hizatidine)
    • Intended Action: Inhibits gastric acid secretion Decreases output of pepsin
    • SE: Headache, gynecomastia, confusion in elderly, dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, or constipation
  5. Anti-ulcer
    • Carafate(sulcrafate)
    • Intended Action:Acts locally - combines with proteins and fibrin in ulcer crater to produce barrier over ulcer
    • SE:Give ½ to 1 hour AC - not to be given with antacids
  6. GI Stimulant (Cholinergic- like)
    • Reglan(metoclopramide)
    • Intended Action: Stimulates motility of upper GI tract - thus accelerates gastric emptying and intestinal transit
    • SE: Give 30 minutes before meals Drowsiness, fatigue occur
  7. Anti ulcer (Proton pump inhibitors and gastric acid pump inhibitors)
    • Prilosec (Omeprazole)
    • Prevacid (lansoprazole)
    • Protonix (pantoprazole)
    • Nexium (esomeprazole)
    • Intended Action:Suppress gastric acid secretion by 90%
    • SE:Safety for long term use not established (Rx for 4-8 wk), may relapse after D/C May cause abnormal liver function tests. Administer before meals; Avoid alcohol and NSAID’s
  8. Cytoprotective &
    Antisecretory
    • Cytotec (Misoprostol)
    • Intended Action: Prevent gastric mucosal injury from NSAID's, Decrease gastric acid secretion, increase mucous
    • SE: Abdominal pain, diarrhea Contraindicated in pregnancy
  9. Antacids
    • Amphogel
    • Maalox
    • Gelusil
    • Intended Action: Coat mucous membranes of upper GI tract and neutralize acid
    • SE:May be constipation or diarrhea Primary treatment of peptic ulcer Best given pc
  10. Anticholinergics
    • Atropine
    • Probanthine
    • Bentyl (dicyclomine)
    • Robinul(glycopyrrolate)
    • Intended Action: Decrease gastric motility and secretions - antispasmodic
    • SE:Pupil dilatation, dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention Prone to constipation
  11. Cathartic
    • Miralax
    • Castor Oil
    • Ducolax (biscodyl)
    • MOM
    • Colace
    • (docusate)
    • Intended Action: Promote bowel evacuation for constipation or X-ray study Stool softener
    • SE:Cramping, bowel urgency, extended use leads to nutritional deficiencies Give adequate fluids
  12. Antidiarrheic
    • Kaopectate - local
    • Lomotil - systemic
    • (contains Atropine)
    • Intended Action: Absorb gas and toxic substances Decrease gastric motility
    • SE: Rare Euphoria or slight sedation; Guard against over dosage
  13. Antiemetic
    • Anzemet (dolasetron)
    • Compazine (Prochlorperazine)
    • Zofran (ondansetron)
    • Intended Action:Decrease nausea and vomiting
    • SE: Drowsiness, hypotension Constipation
Author
tatekj
ID
274319
Card Set
GI Meds
Description
final
Updated