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list the Enveloped Segmented Single-Stranded Viruses3 distinct flu types A,B,C
- Orthomyxoviruses: 3 distinct flu types A,B,C; Type A causes most infectionds
- Bunyaviruses
- Arenaviruses
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Name Influenza Glycoproteins
- Hemagglutin (H) - 15 subtypes, BINDS TO HOST CELLS
- NeuraminidasEe (N) - 9 subtypes, HYDROLYZES MUCUA AND ASSISTS VIRAL BUDDING AND RELEAS
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what is key to influemza
glycoprotein spikes
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Both glycoproteins frequently .....
undergo genetic changes decreasing the effectiveness of the host immune response
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antigenic drift
gradually change their amino acid composition
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antigenic shift
one of the genes or RNA strands is substituted with a gene or strand from another influenza virus from a different animal host
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which influenza strain only undergoes antigenic drift?
(gradually change their amino acid composition)
Influenza B
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Important fact about Influenza C
Known to cause only minor respiratory disease; probably not involved in epidemics
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important facts about Influenza A
- Acute, highly contagious respiratory illness
- Binds to ciliated respiratory mucosa
- causes a rapid shedding of cells, stripping the respiratory epithelium; severe inflammation
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Important facts about Bunyaviruses and Arenaviruses
- transmitted zoology
- Bunyaviruses - carried by deer and harvest mice; transmitted via airborne dried animal waste
- Arenaviruses - closely associated with rodent host; transmission thrugh aerosols and contact
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Enveloped Nonsegments ssRNA Viruses
- Paramyxoviruses
- Rhabdoviruses
- Filoviruses
- Togaviruses
- Flaviviruses
- Corcnaviruses
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Paramyxoviruses
- Enveloped Nonsegmengted ssRNA Virus
- Mumps, Measles, RSV
- Envelope has glycoprotein and F spikes that initiate cell-to-cell fusion
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Parainfluenza
- widespread as influenza but more benign.
- no treatment
Paramyxoviruses Group
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Mumps
- Humans are the only reservoir
- Symptomatic treatment
- Live vaccine MMR
Paramyxoviruses Group
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Measles
- Humans are the only reservoir
- AKA Red Measles and Rubeola
- Can Cause Koplik Spots (oral lesions)
- Vaccine MMR
Paramyxoviruses Group
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RSV
- Respiratory syncytia virus
- AKA pneumovirus
- infects upper resp tract and produces giant multinucleate cells
- Most Common cause of resp infection in Children 6 months or younger
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Rabies
- Enveloped, bullet-shaped virions
- zoonotic disease
- Primary reservoir wild mammals, spread by bites, scratches and droplet inhalation
control by vacc domestic animals, elimination of strays, and strict quarantine practices
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Coronaviruses
- Large RNA viruses with distinctively spaced spikes on their envelopes
- Common in domestic animals
- 3 types of human coronaviruses have been characterized by (causes a cold) (an enteric virus) (SARS severe acute resp syndrome - new disease, airborne transmission)
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Rubella
- caused by Rubivirus
- ssRNA with a loose envelope
- AKA German Measles
- transmitted through contact with resp secretions
- Vacc MMR
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HCV
Hepatitis C Virus
- Flavivirus
- acquired through blood contact
- Treatment but No Cure
- No Vacc
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Arboviruses
Viruses spread by Anthropod Vector
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Viral encephalitis
- Arbovirus infection
- brain, meninges and spina cord are involved, survivors may have permanent brain damage
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Arboviruses in the US
- Colorado Tick Fever - most common tick-borne viral fever in US; rocky Mt states
- Western equine encephalitis - western US and Canada, extremely dangerous to infabts andsall children
- Calfornia encephalitis - 2 diff strains: alifornia strain has little human impact and Larosse strainUs and Canada prevalant cause of viral encephalitis
- St Louis encephalitis - most common in all America
- West Nile encephalitis
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What are the 3 hemorrhagic Fevers
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