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Parasitic copepoda: Hosts
- External parasite commonly of fish, amphibians and whales
- Internal parasites of invertebrates
- Invertebrate hosts of helminth parasites of vertebrates
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Parasitic Copepoda:Morphology
- a. Reduction in appendages
- b. Adaptations for adhesion
- c. Increase in size and proportion,
- due to genitals
- d. Fusion of somites, loss of
- segmentation
- e. Loss of sense organs
- f. Loss of free living instars
- (larval stages)
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Parasitic Copepoda:Biology and Life History
- Egg hatches and napulius molts immediately to copepodid
- Must find host in 24 hours
- Grabs host with hooks on antennae and maxillae
- Attaches frontal filament to structure under skin
- Molts to first chalmus stage
- 1)detach, molt reattach
- 2)four chalmus stages
- 3)finally detaches
- Female locates permanent attachment place, everts bulla into tissue
- Free living male locates and fertilizes female
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Branchiura- Fish Lice:Intro
- Ectoparasites of fishes
- swim well, leave and return to host
- eggs laid on aquatic substrates
- not very host specific
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Branchiura- Fish Lice:Morphology
- Recognizable as a crustacean
- Flattened dorso-ventrally
- large sucking disks under carapace
- modified maxillae
- preoral spine, questionable function
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Branchiura- Fish Lice:Biology and life history of Argulus spp.
- metamorphosis simple or direct
- no larval stages-juveniles
- sexes different at hatching
- suckers develop from primitive maxillules
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Cirripeda-Parasitic Barnacles: Intro
- internal parasites of crab and other crustacea
- Adult root like morphology
- -completely ramifies internal organs
- -no gut or appendage
- -nutrient uptake by root like processes
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Cirripeda-Parasitic Barnacles:Biology and life history
- Napulius hatches from egg
- -molts 4 times
- -no mouth or gut, non feeding stage
- Molts to cypris (first molt)
- -attaches to crab host
- -shed appendages, muscles become kentrogon (second molt)
- Kentrogon-a hypodermic like form
- -injects mass of cells into host
- migrate to host intestine, attaches
- Molts to rhizocephalan (4th molt)
- -Grows into central mass with ramifying absorptive processes.
- -Gonads develop, break through weakened cuticle
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Cirripeda-Parasitic Barnacles:Host Pathology
- Parasitic castration
- changes in secondary sexual characteristics: male to female
- liver, connective tissue and thoracic ganglion damage.
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Malacostracha Amphipoda
- Sand fleas, et al
- mostly free living, whale lice
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Malacostracha isopoda
- Pill bugs et al (ectoparasites of fish)
- feed on blood, on skin, under scales, in mouth and gills
- Economic importance
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Pentastomida: tongue worms (Intro/Hosts)
- worm like parasites of the lungs of predatory vertebrates
- Hosts:
- adult worm in predator vertebrate
- 1)respiratory system of reptiles (SNAKES)
- 2)air sacks of sea birds
- 3)naso-pharynx of canines and felines
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Pentastomida: tongue worms (Evolution and Phylogeny)
- very ancient origins
- crustacean similar spermatoza
- shared derived characters in 16s ribosomal RNA sequence
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Pentastomida: tongue worms (Morphology)
- segmented body with annuli
- body regions: forebody and hindbody
- two pair sclerotized double or single hooks with muscles near mouth
- thin cuticle sometimes with spines
- simple digestive tract, open mouth
- dimorphic, males smaller
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Pentastomida: tongue worms (Biology and Life History)
- Adults feed on predator host fluid and blood
- eggs laid, swallowed, defecated
- -viscid, cling together
- -withstand desiccation
- Larvae hatch when feces ingested by prey animal
- -massive infections of small rodents
- -penetrates intestine, migrates anywhere
- larvae becomes quiet or molts to quiet nymph
- -released when host ingested by predetor
- -penetrates intesting, migrated to lungs, matures
- several molts
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