-
how to diagnose cystic fibrosis
- blood test indicating trypsinogen
- positive sweat electrolyte test
-
bronchiectasis
- chronic congenital or acquired
- abnormal dilation of bronchi and excessive sputum production
-
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) aka hyaline membrane disease
alveolar collapse in premature infant 2/2 inadequete levels of pulmonary surfactant
-
PaCO2 in obstructive vs restrictive
- obstructive: it increases
- restrictive: decreases
-
FEV1 in obstructive vs restrictive
- obs: sharp decrease
- rest: normal
-
1 MET equals what?
what activities?
- uptake of 3.5 mL of O2 per kg of body wt per min
- 3.5 mL O2/kg/min
- (at rest / 1 MET- at body consumes ~200-250 mL O2/min)
- sitting, reading, AROM in supine, amb at 1mph
-
7-10 METs -- what activities?
running, basketball, heavy shoveling, vigorous skiing...
-
lidocain, dilantin, norpace, quinidine -- what are they?
anti-arrhythmic drugs
-
atropine is what?
- anti-cholinergic
- used for heart block or bradycardia
-
how do atropine and other anticholinergic drugs work?
inhibit acetylcholine at parasymp nerves, blocking vagal effects on SA and AV noes
-
side effects of anti-cholinergic drugs such as atropine
palpitations, headache, restlessness, ataxia, dry mouth, blurred vision
-
beta-adrenergic blocking agents (beta blockers)
- decrease HR, BP, contractility, SV
- they increase tolerance for exercise, but if on beta-blockers you can't use HR etc to eval the tolerance - use a perceived exertion scale
- all end in -olol
-
calcium channel blockers do what?
- vasodilate and relieve coronary artery spasm
- can lead to inschemia
-
digitalis/digoxin - does what?
- slows HR
- increases contractility / pumping ability
-
heart block is what? what med is used?
- spread of electrical excitation to the heart is interrupted or slowed
- atropine
-
infarction
necrotic tissue 2/2 loss of blood supply to that area
-
lipoproteins do what?
carry fat in blood to cells
-
LDL are associated with...
arterial damage
-
HDL do what
- promote removal of cholesterol by liver
- mod levels of exercise may increase HDL levels
-
nitrates
- drugs that dilate blood vessels to reduce BP, preload, and O2 demands of heart
- ex: nitroglycerin
-
3 serum enzymes that appear in circulation following death of cardiac muscle cells
- creatine phosphate (CPK)
- lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT)
-
R coronary artery supplies...
- R atrium
- R ventricle
- AV node
- SA node
- interventricular septum
- inferior wall of L ventricle
-
L coronary artery supplies...
- all of L vent except the inf wall
- interventricular septum
-
cor pulmonale
failure or hypertrophy of R ventrucle 2/2 disorders of lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall
-
lasix is what kind of med?
diuretic
-
bruit
- abnormal sound/murmor of arterial or venous origin
- indicates: atherosclerosis
-
low stroke volume --> what kind of pulse?
weak, thready
-
shortened ventricular systole and decreased peripheral pressure --> what kind of pulse?
bounding, full
-
S1 sound indicates what?
- closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
- the start of systole
-
S2 indicates what?
- closing of pulm and aortic valve
- end of systole
-
S3 is associated with...?
congestive heart failure
-
S4 is associated with
MI or chronic hypertension
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