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rubyroo12
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What are the three main types of nutrients needed in the body?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats/Lipids
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What are the roles of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats/Lipids in the body?
- Carbohydrates:
- -Energy source
- Proteins:
- -Structural components of the cell
- -Enzymes
- -Antibodies
- Fats/Lipids:
- -Energy Storage
- -Insulation of skin and cushioning of organs
- -Synthesis of hormones
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Ingestion
The taking in of nutrients
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Digestion
The breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by enzymes
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Absorption
The transport of digested nutrients to the cels of the body
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Egestion
The removal of food waste from the body
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What is the stomach's role in digestion?
- -Where most digestion occurs.
- -Gastric juices made up of hydrochloric acid and the pepsin enzyme break down the food. -The stomach also contains a layer of mucous to protect itself from the harmful chemicals contained in it
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What is the Esophagus' role in the digestive system?
-Used peristalsis (muscle contractions) to push the food down to the stomach
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What is the oral Cavity's role in the digestive system?
- -It mechanically breaks down food with teeth
- - Contains salivary glands which use the enzyme amylase to start the digestion of carbohydrates in food
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What are the Pharynx and the Epiglottis?
Pharynx- the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.
Epiglottis-a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.
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What is the Liver's role in the digestive system?
- -Its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.
- Bile produced in the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat.
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What is the Gall Bladder's role in the digestive system?
It stores the bile produced in the liver
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What is the Pancreas's role in the digestive system?
- - the pancreas excretes enzymes (amylase, trypsin, erepson, to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food
- -Enzymes are secreted into the small intestine to further break down food after it has left the stomach.
- -The gland also produces the hormone insulin and secretes it into the bloodstream in order to regulate the body's glucose or sugar level.
- produces lipases
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What is the Small Intestine's role in the digestive system?
- -Site of most absorption and digestion
- -Contains microvilli to aid the process of absorption
- -Takes in some of the enzymes used in the pancreas to aid with digestion
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What is the Large Intestines role in the digestive system?
- - takes care of absorbing any water left in the food that hasn't been digested ye
- - takes care of passing any unused waste from the body
- - the large intestine includes the anal canal, rectum, colon and cecum
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glucose + fructose --> H20 + sucrose is the formula for what?
Dehydration Synthesis
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relating to the lungs
pulmonary
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opens into the pharynx
nasal cavity
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air filled channel at the back of the mouth. mucus traps debris that escape the filters in the nasal passage. debris is swept back from the windpipe to the...
pharynx
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the flap like structure that covers the glottis (the opening of the trachea) during swallowing
epiglottis
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the windpipe. contains mucus producing cells that line the...
trachea
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sac like repository organs that allow air to be drawn so that air can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide can be removed
lungs
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carries air into the lungs
bronchi
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small airways in the lungs that carry oxygen and are lined with mucus and cilia
bronchioles
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tiny sacs in the lungs. gases diffuse between the air and the blood depending on the concentration gradient
aveoli
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the intercostal muscles cause the ribs to move during breathing
- rib cage
- intercostal muscles
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dome shaped sheet of muscle
- diaphragm
- contracts during inspiration
- relaxes during expiration
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smallest blood vessels that form the connection between veins and arteries. transport fluids and gases. one cell layer thick
capillaries/ capillary network
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lines the outer surface of the lungs as well as the inner wall of the chest cavity
pleural membrane
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artery
- high pressure
- thick walls
- away from heart
- 99% oxygenated blood
- red in colour
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veins
- low pressure
- thin walls
- to the heart
- 99% deoxygenated blood
- purple in colour
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blood pressure
- systolic/diastolic
- systolic contracts/increases pressure
- diastolic is relaxed
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increases the blood's ability to carry oxygen
hemoglobin
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erythrocyte
red blood cell
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leukocyte
white blood cell
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found in the bone marrow
blood cells
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blood circulating between the heart and the lungs
pulmonary circulation
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the chemoreceptor that our body uses as a backup when there are low levels of oxygen
- oxygen
- ex. needed in high altitudes
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sets the heart's beat rate and acts as a pacemaker
SA node
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conductor. small mass of tissue in the AV region. passes nerve impulses through purkinje fibres to the ventricles
AV node
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abnormally high blood pressure
hypertension
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the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different
thermoregulation
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